設置行人專用時相對車輛與行人延滯影響之研究

Abstract

號誌化路口為各方向車輛及行人匯集之處，惟有利用號誌分離人車動線，方能改善路口交通秩序，行人專用時相為號誌設計的一種，不僅提供行人可從任何方向穿越路口的專用時相，更可完全分離人車動線，減少人車干擾，改善交通安全，但也可能增加路口人車延滯時間。本研究係從效率觀點，探討獨立路口有、無實施行人專用時相對行人與車輛延滯之影響。

本研究首先選擇四處有實施行人專用時相之代表性交叉路口，進行延滯相關資料之現場調查，分別構建有、無實施行人專用時相下之車輛與行人延滯模式。車輛延滯部分，分別以1985HCM與1988Akcelik之模式為基礎進行參數校估，校估結果並無太大之差異，惟實務應用上，似以1985HCM之延滯模式較為簡易。行人延滯部分，有行人專用時相之校估結果與2000HCM之延滯模式差異不大，然該模式無法反應無行人專用時相下轉向交通量與行人穿越量之衝突與延滯間的關係，因此，另外依據四路口之調查資料，以複迴歸分析方法構建實證式(empirical)的行人延滯模式。

最後，本研究以臺北市松壽、松智路口作為個案分析對象，分別探討行人專用時相對單一行進方向(approach)及整體路口之人車總延滯所產生的差異與影響。就整體路口之人車總延滯而言，實施行人專用時相約增加1.49倍的總延滯時間。本研究所構建的車輛與行人延滯模式可以作為評估設置行人專用時相對路口運行效率影響之工具。

The Exclusive Pedestrian Phase in signal design is to provide pedestrians with a short period of exclusive time of using an intersection. During the phase, pedestrians can cross the intersection in all directions, even diagonally. Signal design with Exclusive Pedestrian Phase can improve traffic safety, but on the other hand, it may increase delay to the vehicles & pedestrians crossing the intersection. The objective of this research is to study the effect on delay for vehicle and pedestrian with an Exclusive Pedestrian Phase at a signalized intersection. First, this research selects four signalized intersections with Exclusive Pedestrian Phase in Taipei city as studying sites for field observation to collect relevant traffic、signal and delay data. According to these data, vehicle and pedestrian delay models are developed with &without the phase. The models of vehicle delay are based on the formula developed in 1985HCM and 1988 by Akcelik by adjusting their parameters using collected data. The result shows that the two adjusted models are similar, but the 1985HCM model maybe more suitable in practice than the other. For pedestrian delay, the result of the model is similar to that of 2000HCM with Exclusive Pedestrian Phase. Since the 2000HCM model can’t incorporate the interactions of turning vehicle and pedestrian without the exclusive phase. This research has developed an empirical pedestrian delay model using multiple regression analysis method based on the field observed data. Finally, this research has taken one intersection in Taipei city as a case study to analyze the difference of delay to the vehicle and pedestrian with &without the Exclusive Pedestrian Phase at that intersection. The result shows that vehicle and pedestrian total delay increases about 1.49 times with the Exclusive Pedestrian Phase. The vehicle and pedestrian delay models developed in this thesis can be used as an analytical tool to evaluate the effect of Exclusive Pedestrian Phase on operational efficiency of an intersection.