形成專案小組的量化方法之研究

Abstract

在環境變遷迅速、工作日益複雜的現代社會，許多任務往往不是一個人或 一個部門就能完成的。由於專案的設計能夠集合所需的各部門專業人才， 共同努力去完成某一特定的任務，所以非常適用於現代的企業。不過，由 於專案組織與傳統組織的差異很大，使得許多企業在專案的運用上無法得 心應手。其實，從過去的一些研究報告顯示，專案在執行時所遭遇的困難 絕大部分與專案小組的成員有關。所以，企業主管如果決定要採用專案組 織，一定要先了解專案小組的特性，並賦予專案經理充分的職權，以便建 立一個真正能夠協力合作的小組。如果專案小組的問題都能獲得圓滿的解 決，則其它事務性的問題便不再是困難的問題了。為了減少專案小組可能 發生的潛在問題，專案經理必須確保所遴選的小組成員都能夠充分地溝通 。因此，本論文提出一些量化的專案小組形成方法，希望透過行為及技術 因素的量化過程，使得所遴選的小組成員都能符合溝通及專業能力的需求 。這些方法包括相似度係數、歐基里德距離、最小擴張樹、及相關表之應 用，都是非常簡單的，其優點是能簡化專案經理的決策程序，而且合乎客 觀及科學的原則。 Tasks in a dramatically changing society nowadays are too complicated to be completed by individual. The design of proj- ects can meet enterprise's special needs. Nevertheless, owing to the differences between project organizations and tradi- tional organizations, enterprises will inevitably encountering some problems while using them. As a matter of fact, most of the problems have something to do with the project team members. It's better for supervi- sors to know the characteristics of the project team, and give all rights that project managers needed so that managers can build-up real cooperative teams. To avoid problems that might show up in the futer, project managers must assure each project team member can communicate with each other without any obstacle. Therefore, this thesis offers some quantitative approaches of project team formation which assure each project team member meets the necessity of communication and professional skills. These methods including the applications of similarity co- efficient, Euclidean distance , minimum spanning tree, and Muther grid. They are objective, scientific, and can simplify the decision-making process.