環境,組織生命週期與企業策略之關聯性研究--以台灣地區製造業為例--

Abstract

環境和組織生命週期是研究關於組織策略領域的兩項重要因素。其中 學者針對環境與組織策略的關係進行研究者較為普遍，而以組織生命週期 的觀點來研究組織策略則是可嘗試的新議題。 由於組織策略可視為 一種「內外整合」-環境機會條件與本身資源條件之整合-的概念，因此從 內外兩方面一起對策略進行研究應較具周延性。基於此，本研究假定企業 所處的組織生命週期為其本身內在資源條件的表徵，進而研究環境、組織 生命週期與企業策略三變數間的配合關係。本研究除了企圖驗證不同環境 與組織生命週期下，企業應採取的策略有所不同的假設之外，也試圖探究 出不同配合關係下，各種組態所對應的策略類型傾向。本論文研究結果有 以下五項： (1)對應於不同的環境狀況下，處於不同組織生命週期的 企業所採取的策略不盡相同。(2)多數情境中企業是以採行分析者或防禦 者策略為主，尤其是處於肇始期和成熟期的企 業。此兩期企業隨著環 境由低至高程度改變，所採行策略也從傾向防禦者轉而變成傾 向分析 者策略。 (3)只有高成長期企業較傾向採取探勘者策略。(4)對於處於高 成長期下的企業而言，當面臨低度動態環境、中低度環境敵意度或中度環 境異質性時，傾向採取探勘者策略。由此可以發現在本研究中，企業採行 探勘者策略 與否與環境變數的關聯性較小，而與企業所處生命週期階 段的關聯性較大。 (5)本研究以環境和組織生命週期兩構面共同探究與 企業策略之關聯性，除了在統計上取 得較單一變數完備之相關性外， 所得結果也比起單一構面針對策略之研究為細緻。 Environment and organizational life cycle(OLC)are two important factors in researching about the field of organizational strategy. It is more popular for scholars to focus their research in the relationship between environment and organizational strategy. While basing the OLC viewpoint to study organizational strategy is a new and challenging issue. We can regard organizational strategy as an "internal/external integration concept"-integrated between the conditions of environmental oppotunities and the resources of it's own, so it is more comprehensive to develop the strategy research with both internal and external aspects simultaneously. Base on above, this research assumes the OLC of business as the representative of it's own resource condition and studies about the fit relationship among the three variables-environment, OLC and business strategy. Besides trying to jusitify whether business takes different strategy in different environment and OLC, this research also tries to find out the preference of taking strategy types in each configuration. Five results of this thesis are following： (1)Business in different OLC stages doesn't take the same strategy under different environment conditions. (2)Businesses in many situations take analyst or defender strategy, especially those belong to the inception and maturity stage of OLC. As environment property increases, the preference of taking strategy of business changes from defender to analyst. (3)Only the high growth businesses prefer taking prospector strategy.(4)While facing low dynamic environment, low/middle hostile environment or middle heterogenous environment, businesses in high growth stage of OLC prefer taking prospector strategy. In according to this fact , this thesis finds out that whether businesses take prospector strategy or not is more correlated to the business OLC stage than environment. (5)This thesis utilizes two dimensions- environment and OLC-to study the association with business strategy. It gets more comprehensive correlation in statistics than using only one dimmension. It also shows a finer result.