震災後公路網搶修工程排程之研究

Abstract

大型地震發生後，不但造成人民生命財產的重大損失，其對現代社會 的影響--因維生線遭破壞而使生活停擺之問題日受重視，如何於震災後有 效率的復舊已是一重要課題。交通系統是維生線系統重要的一環，而公路 系統更是交通系統之基礎；就公路工程的實務觀點，搶修工程之指揮調度 得宜與否將影響災後復舊與救災工作之效率，故本文就震災後公路系統搶 修工程之排程問題作一研究與探討。本研究參考美日大地震經驗與國內公 路搶修單位現況，以多場站車輛路線問題模式為基礎，構建一震災後公路 網搶修工程排程模式，為同時考慮路網交通隨搶修工程進行變化之動態狀 況與搶修速度，本模式以路網累積節省旅行時間與總搶修時程為績效指標 ，即以單位時程內之路網累積節省旅行時間最大為目標式。在解法方面， 本文以簡單遺傳演算法之基本精神發展一啟發式解法求解，經簡例測試發 現有不錯之求解效果。本研究在確立模式與求解方法後，以中山高速公路 豐原-高雄路段及其替代道路所形成之周邊路網為例，假設發生規模與震 度分佈如1941年嘉義烈震與1964年嘉南烈震之大規模地震，試規畫震災後 各搶修單位（包括高公局各工務段與民間協力廠商）之搶修順序與時程， 並作一敏感度分析與應變計畫試擬，最後做針對研究結果與未來發展做一 結論與建議。 Severe earthquakes not only cause serious loss of human lives and proverty, but also affect the modern society - the awareness of life shot down resulted from the damaged lifeline is increased. For example, how to restore damages efficiently after disasters becomes more and more important. The traffic system is an important part of the lifeline system, and the highway system is the basic of the traffic system. From the practical viewpoint of highway construction, the assignment of immediate repairing construction will affect the efficiency of restoration and the rescue. The context will discuss the problem of the post- earthquake highway network repairing construction schedule. The research refers to the severe earthquake experiences from America and Japan and the current operation of the domestic highway repairing units. Base on the model of Vehicle Scheduling Problem With Multiple Depots ( VSPMD ), we develop a model of post-earthquake highway network repairing construction schedule. For considering about the dynamic situation of the highway network traffic accompanied by the repairing construction and repairing speed at the same time, the model uses saved travel time by highway network accumulation and total repairing time period as an index. It means the objective function is the maximum saved time by highway network accumulation in each time period. In the solution part, it adopts the basic spirit of Simple Genetic Algorithms to develop Heuristic Algorithms. After testing some simple samples, we found the solutions are pretty well. When we confirm the model and solutions, we take the segment of Sun Yat-sen Freeway from Fengyuan to Kaohsiung and the replacing highways built from the peripheral highway network as an example. Assuming the earthquake scale and degree distribution like the severe earthquakes in Chiayi,1941 and Chianan,1964. Try to plan the priority and time period of repairing units ( including the Taiwan Area Freeway Construction Bureau and private cooperating businesses ), develop a sensibility analysis and a reacting plan. Finally, we make conclusion and suggestion to the result and the development of the future.