行駛間小型車輛污染排放之研究

Abstract

車輛持有率與使用率急遽增加，不僅消耗大量能源亦形成空氣污染問 題，世界各國莫不致力於空污減量政策之制訂。近年來由於遙測技術之應 用，拓展了移動污染源污染排放控制技術研究領域。 目前國內有關遙測應用於小型車輛污染排放監測之學術研究付之闕如。本 文定位為階段性研究，以小型車輛污染排放遙測數據為樣本，進行資料統 計分析與模式構建之研究，期能透過廣泛探討進而瞭解遙測資料特性，作 為未來相關研究之基礎，並建立小型車輛污染排放影響要因模式。 由本研究結果獲致下列各項結論： 1.遙測具有以大量樣本反應道路真實污染排放情形之特性，可彌補定檢制 度空 窗期。 2.由於遙測以完全燃燒方程式作為量測基礎原理，分別使用CH2與C3H8代 表燃 油與碳氫化合物，故遙測數據意義在於相對大小，目前僅適用於 篩選高污染 群。未來可透過遙測、怠速與車體動力計三者量測結果關係 之探討，訂定高 污染管制標準。 3.以遙測作為污染排放管制工具尚具有兩項瓶頸：遙測數據精確程度、高 污染 管制標準之制訂。 4.影響小型車輛污染排放之主要因素為日常保檢維修工作與車輛廠牌。 5.空污減量政策中最需迫切執行之措施為保檢合一制度。 The mounting growth of car uses not only result in a considerable energy consumption, but also a great amount of car pollutants released which bring about severe air- pollution problem. Thanks to the application of remote sensing technologies developed recently, research of moving polluted sources are expanded and exhaust emissions control technologies are widely used. The research concerning remote sensing technologies which is applied to the inspection of measuring exhaust emissions of light-duty vehicles in Taiwan is still few and far in between. This study is a research by stages in which statistical models are established and analysis are carried out, base on the data of exhaust emissions of light-duty vehicles. This research is expected to give more broad interpretation on the characteristies of the data collected by the remote-sensing technologies,which can be the basis of improving exhaust emissions control in the future. The conclusions are listed as followings: The first characteristic of remote sensing technologies which collects a great amount of samples can reflect the real situation of our society, and can make up a loss between two periods of fixed-time inspections. The second characteristic of remote sensing technologies is that because the combustion equation is used as the theory of measurement and CH2 and C3H8 represent fuel and hydrocarbon, respectively, the meaning of the data lies on the comparative basis. This technology should be applied to screen the most polluted groups. The standard of the highest limit of exhaust emissions can be contributed to the relationship among three elements: remote sensing, tailpipe test, and dynamometer in the future. The third characteristic of remote sensing technologies is that although regarded as the useful way for measuring the degree of exhaust emissions, two bottlenecks are still raised: the accuracy of remote sensing data, and contribution of the standard of the highest limit of exhaust emissions. The fourth characteristic which refers to the main causes of the exhaust emissions of light-duty vehicles are poor maintenance, and different vehicle's brand. The fifth characteristic indicates that inspection and maintenance (I&M) programs are the most imminent for the policy of mitigating exhaust emissions.