標題: | 應用限制理論探討零擔貨運業服務管理之改善 Using Theory of Constraints to Study the Service Management for LTL Motor Carriers |
作者: | 莊政雄 Chuang, Cheng-hsiung 任維廉 William Jen 運輸與物流管理學系 |
關鍵字: | 零擔貨運業;限制理論;緩衝區管理;Less-than-truckload;Theory of constraints;Drum-Buffer-Rope;Buffer management |
公開日期: | 1997 |
摘要: | 零擔貨運業(LTL)所承運的對象皆是貨量較少不足整車的客戶,並將不同 客戶所托運貨運合併裝車,送達特定的目的地。其傳統的生產導向營運模 式及作業流程經過多年的改善、調整,本以為已無很大的改善空間了。但 其在面對解除管制、開放競爭後,顧客所期望的服務水準不斷提高時,也 察覺到若不能做大幅度之改善,將很難滿足現有的顧客需求,更別談創造 顧客需求。然而欲尋求新的改善空間,恐需轉變過去的思考模式,才能有 所突破。整個零擔作業流程包括理貨員裝、卸貨,職員點貨、外務員集、 配貨作業、長途班車運務作業,有如各個環環相扣所組成的鍊條,其中最 弱的一環將決定整個作業系統績效,這個最弱的一環稱為系統限制。因此 ,必須找出作業流程的系統限制,才能真正尋求對整個系統提出作業改善 ,而非僅就個別癥狀作局部的改善。有鑑於此,本研究採用限制理論( Theory of constraint, TOC),提供一個用以確認及打破當前台灣零擔貨 運業作業瓶頸的邏輯思考工具,以協助尋求能夠提高處理能量、減少配送 錯誤的改善方案。一般而言,限制理論應用至實務環境中可包括兩大領域 :政策性限制問題、實體限制問題。在政策性分析方面,本研究藉由各種 樹圖的構建,得知公司內經營、幕僚、作業三類人員對改善的認知及步調 不完全一致是核心問題之所在,進而提出運用DBR(Drum-Buffer-Rope)的 方法來想激發方案。在實體限制問題分析方面,乃採用緩衝區管理( Buffer management)的方法,對實務問題以個案分析方式來探討。個案一 係以作業流程改善為主題,提出「發送車分級制」、「區域聯防制」、「 顏色管理」、「到著時點均勻化」等改善方案。個案二係對輪胎貨故做探 討,提出「加強內部管理最後,本研究認為雖然各零擔貨運營業站所面臨 的特定瓶頸、限制可能不一樣,而且限制亦可能不只一個,但分析的方法 卻可以擴大移轉應用。因此,對於如何有效應用限制理論這套分析工具, 及零擔貨運業管理者應做的後續工作分別提出相關建議。 The Less-than-truckload (LTL) motor carrier is a regular route system that generally uses a breakbulk or hub-and-spoke system to consolidate freight. In recently, due to the growing concern about the deregulation of the motor carrier industry and the emergence of customer-oriented service, the LTL motor carriers must do something to improve their services. Traditionally, LTL motor carriers have operated on the basis of two assumptions .The first of these is that they are subdivide the operation system improve each part independently, the"glue"the improved parts back together with the expectation of overall operation system improvement. The second is that maximizing the performance of each part of the operation system will result in maximum. In reality, operation system behave more like chains : one weakest link determines how well the entire chain can perfo Generally, the theory of constraints has been used in real- environment contains two aspects: one is "policy constraints analysis", and the another is "physical constraints analysis". In policy analysis, we apply several tree diagrams to exploit the core constraints of Taiwan's LTL motor carriers, and adopt the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) approach to create "injections". In physical analysis, we apply "buffer management" to improve the physical problems in Taiwan's LTL motor carriers. By means of a case study, We know that the "constraints" or "core problem" may be different among LTL motor carriers. However , the methods of using theory of constraints to study the service management for LTL motor carriers can apply to other situations . Therefore, we provided some discussions and suggestions to the managers of motor carriers and later research. |
URI: | http://140.113.39.130/cdrfb3/record/nctu/#NT860118054 http://hdl.handle.net/11536/62653 |
Appears in Collections: | Thesis |