我國當前保險業資金運用管制法規妥適性之探討

Abstract

資金運用管制法規妥適與否為保險業資金運用之關鍵所在，保險業資金運 用管制乃基於保險業特性使然，管制法規與各國保險產業及經濟發展歷程 有極大之關係，故其保險業資金運用管制法規各呈顯出不同風貌。保險業 資金管制問題是多面向的，而其本質則極為複雜，但主要之問題面向則在 於：一、維持行業秩序，促進保險產業之健全發展；二、協助其 他產業 發展；三、促使社會資源更有效配置。法規妥適性應包括兩部分：一是法 規立法之 必要性；一是法規執行之效果性。而管制法規立法之必要性包 括：一、符合保險業基本屬 性及資金性質，探討保險業資金運用觀點； 二、管制法規在當時投資環境下是否合宜。三 參考先進國家之管制法 規；四、管制法規是否考慮到未來環境變化的因素。另法規法規執行的效 果性包括：一、政府執行管制法規的能力；二、業者配合管制法規的意願 ；三、業 者配合管制法規的能力。因此，可將保險業資金運用管制法規 評析區分為四大類：一、管 制法規具必要性，執行具效果性，此類法規 不須修改；二、管制法規具必要性，執行未具 效果性，此類法規須修改 ；三、管制法規未具必要性，執行具效果性，此類法規須修改； 四、管 制法規未具必要性，執行未具效果性，此類法規須刪除。經評析我國當前 保險業資 金運用管制法規，皆具相當必要性，部分未臻妥適，執行效果 性則有具效果性與未具效果 性之分，故將法規分成三類：一、法令具 必要性且已臻妥適，執行具效果性，目前無須修 改，計有不動產投資 之規定、放款投資之規定；二、法令具必要性且已臻妥適，執行未具 效 果性，計有國外投資之規定、專案運用及公共投資之規定；三、法令具必 要性，但未臻 妥適，執行未具效果性，須修改法令，計有保險業可運用 資金範圍及投資類別規定、有價證券投資規定、違規罰責規定。提出應調 整之管制法規。 The adequacy of the regulative laws of insurance investment is the key of the investmentof insurance companies. The regulation of insurance bases on the cha -racteristics of the insurance industry in which the development of the insura-nce industry and economics are deeply involved. Therefore, the styles and fea- tures are very different among different countries. The issues of the insuran-ce regulative investment laws have many dimensions and are very complicated d-ue to its nature. The major issues are 1.To accelerate the development of theinsurance industry as well as to maintain the stability of the industry; 2. Toassist the development of the other industries; 3.To dispose the social resour-ces more effectively. There are two parts of the adequacy of regulative laws:the necessity and effectiveness. The necessity includes: 1.To fit the peculiar- ities of the insurance and its fund，and the viewpoints of insurance investme-nt. 2.The regul and features areexactly suitable to environment. 3. Referencethe advanced countries. 4.To consider the changes of the future environment. T-he effectiveness include: 1、The executive ability of the regulative laws of the government. 2、The insurers' volition to implement the regulative laws. 3.The insurers' executive ability of regulative laws. Hence, according to this, we divide thecurrent regulative laws into four categories：1.the laws with nec-essity and effectiveness，they must be not modified； 2.the laws with necess-ity but without effectiveness, they must be modified； 3.the laws without nec -essity but with effectiveness, they must be modified； 4. the laws without ne- cessity and effectiveness, they must be deleted. After evaluating the regulat-ive investment laws, all of them are with some necessities. Parts of them are not adequacy. Some of them are effect and some are not. They may be distingui-shedin to three categories： 1.the laws are necessary and efective, include n-ecessity and effect, include the real estate and mortgage investment laws；2.the laws a-re necesary and without effective, include the overseas and the spe-cial case and public investment laws；3.the laws are not fully necessay and without effective，include the scope of investment and its categories 、 negoti-able securities investment laws、violate regulations punishment laws. Raising to modify t-he regulative laws of the insurance investment.