鐵路司機員的行車保安措施：指認呼喚應答與警醒作業對號誌判斷作業的影響

Abstract

本研究主要在討論台鐵火車司機員在行車期間所從事的兩項行車保安措施：指認呼喚 作業和警醒作業，對行車期間所進行的號誌判斷作業的影響。本研究中以電腦模擬的方式 探討在不同的號誌呈現時間（2、4秒）、號誌間隔時間（6、12秒），及練習階段(1∼6) 中司機員的號誌判斷的表現是否會受到上述兩種保安措施的影響。共有125名大學生隨機 指派到3（號誌判斷方式）×2（警醒作業時距）的實驗情境之一。每人在2（號誌間隔時 間）×2（號誌呈現時間）×6（練習階段）種情境中各進行五次的號誌判斷作業。結果發 現，「指認呼喚」與「指認呼喚應答」的行車保安措施的確會顯著的提昇號誌判斷正確率 。但此種效果必須在作業程序已熟練的情形下實施才能獲得正面的效果。而在號誌判斷時 間急迫的情形下，不熟練的指認呼喚方式的行車保安措施反而會對作業表現造成負面影響 。此現象顯示在對行車作業生疏的情形下，雙人乘務制度可以維持作業表現，並避免錯誤 發生。而警醒作業的進行則不至於會對行車作業之號誌判斷造成干擾。

Currently, there are two procedures adopted by Taiwan Railway Administration to secure the accuracy of railway driver's reading of traffic signs. One is that when a driver sees a traffic sign, he has to point to the sign with his index finger, then call out the meaning of the sign before he makes the necessary speed change (pointing and calling). The other method is that when there are two drivers on the train, the second driver has to repeat the same pointing and calling procedure after the principal driver (dual pointing and calling). In addition, the driver is also required to perform a tapping response at a waking device once every minute. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of these two safety features, sign reading procedure and waking device, on driver's speed control performances. One hundred and twenty-five college students were randomly assigned to one of 3 (sign reading procedure)×2 (waking device) experimental conditions. All subjects had to make 20 decisions regarding the speed designated by the railway signs across 2 (display time)×2 (intersign interval) sign display conditions over 6 practice sessions. The results showed that either pointing and calling or dual pointing and calling procedure had a significant positive effect on the accuracy of speed control decisions after 6 sessions of practive. However, when the pointing and calling skill had not reached asymptote stage, a negative effect on accuracy was observed. The difference in waking design did not produce any significant effect on the railway traffic control task.