機場與空域模擬模式SIMMOD之應用研究-以松山機場為例

Abstract

本研究之目的在於完整地探討與應用SIMMOD模擬模式，對其模擬邏輯與模式執行進行探討，並透過松山機場個案之建立，進行模式構建、修正、驗證與發展情境之應用，以確實瞭解該系統之適用性。研究內容分為兩部分：第一部份藉由模擬邏輯與模式執行之探討，得到正確且完整之模擬執行與分析資訊；第二部份則以松山機場做為模擬模式應用分析之個案，進行模擬模式之構建、修正與驗證，並配合國內空運之發展現況，完成發展情境之建立與分析。 本研究在第一部份模擬邏輯與模式執行之探討中，除探討SIMMOD模擬模式之資料輸入結構、模擬邏輯與資料輸出結構之外，並提出以SIMMOD 2.2版模擬引擎配合SIMMOD 1.2版之事前構建（Pre-process）與事後分析（Post-process）功能，為目前SIMMOD模擬模式之最佳應用組合的建議。在第二部份之應用分析中，透過空域停留時間與空邊離場等候時間之驗證，顯示本研究所建立之松山機場模擬模式與松山機場現況之差異比例在5％以下，證實本研究所建立之松山機場模擬模式的確能正確地表現出松山機場之航班作業情形。 本研究透過模式之現況模擬分析，證實松山機場之容量瓶頸在於地面跑道之容量，並發現松山機場之進場航班在使用4海浬之前後隔離標準時，能更有效的增加跑道的使用效率。本研究亦結合SIMMOD模擬模式與Gilbo之機場容量最佳化模式，進行松山機場系統運作容量之推估，研究發現松山機場目前系統最佳運作容量在45架之起降總和。此外，本研究在尖峰小時北高航線增班的情境下，亦發現在目前尖峰小時的班表下，對北高航線增加一架航班，將導致離場航班平均4分鐘的離場等候時間的增加。 本論文為國內首次正式對SIMMOD模擬模式進行全面性探討與應用之研究。透過SIMMOD模擬模式理論與功能的探討以及松山機場的個案研究，證實SIMMOD模擬模式於國內應用之確實可行，亦希冀本研究之結果能提供國內後續航空運輸研究者對未來應用SIMMOD之有效參考借鏡。

The Airport and Airspace Simulation Model, SIMMOD, is a computer simulation package developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the United States in 1970’s. The SIMMOD has been widely applied worldwide in analyzing various operational and planning-related issues of airports. However, there has little research on the applications of SIMMOD in Taiwan. This thesis represents a first-time comprehensive application of the SIMMOD package in Taiwan. The thesis consists of two parts. In part 1, we studied the simulation logic of SIMMOD as well as the PC implementation procedures for a successful application to an airport in Taiwan. Input and output data requirement and the format of I/O files were analyzed. In part 2, we reported the application process and the case study of the TSA airport. We calibrated and validated the SIMMOD model by the system delay time. Comparing the simulated outcome of the SIMMOD model with the observed data of the TSA airport. The results showed that the average deviations were all less than 5%. For prediction applications, we developed several scenarios such as in-trail separation change for the arrivals, air traffic growth etc. It was found that the efficiency of the TSA airport can be improved by reducing the in-trail separation distance from 5 NM to about 4 NM. Through our research, the applicability of SIMMOD in Taiwan was verified. Results of this study should provide useful guidelines for future applications of SIMMOD in Taiwan.