遊戲學習情境中思考風格對問題解決的影響

Abstract

本研究藉電腦遊戲(國科會87年兒童資訊月計畫「機械反斗城」遊戲)，探討國中生的思考風格對問題解決模式的影響。本研究是在遊戲中探討思考風格對國中生之問題解決模式表現差異，並分析性別對問題解決模式所造成的男女差異。本研究之自變項為思考風格的功能型變項(行政、立法及司法)，應變項為問題解決模式的歷程向度(瞭解問題、探索分析、策略選擇、尋找答案及省思擴展)，並從共通性、持久性及延續性來加以探討。

本研究結果證實： 1.遊戲後三種思考風格，正向成長均達顯著差異。 2.各思考風格的成長，女生優於男生。性別與行政風格變化有顯著關聯。 3.不同思考風格之問題解決模式具有差異性。 例如： A.立法風格類型的問題解決會依自己想法任意選擇； B.行政型依一定的循序漸進方式，不容易覺察自己想法，對過關的堅持高；C.司法型則偏向比較分析何者有利解題；注重邏輯。

受試者會透過遊戲去訓練及培養相關思考風格的能力，然後應用發揮於問題解決上，可能有助於過關表現。

本研究提出五個建議： 1.在平常教學之中採取問題解決教學活動。 2.教師應重視培養學生問題解決能力。 3.強調問題解決的過程是重要的，答案不是學習的重點。 4.增加問題解決提示的教學活動設計。 5.適時鼓勵受試者，有助於解決受試者的過關解題困境。

關鍵字: 思考風格, 問題解決, 電腦遊戲

This research is to study the effect of thinking style to juior high school students in problem solving models, via the game playing of “Fight City of Machinery Instead” in the Children’s Information Monthly Plan 1998, sponsored by National Science Council.

The results of this study show: 1. There is significant deviation and positive growth in post-game thinking styles. 2. Amongst the growth of thinking styles, female students are superior to male ones. Also there is a clear linkage between sex and executive style. 3. Problem solving models differ from various thinking styles. For example: (1). Problem solving of the legislative type students will follow their own thoughs and make their own decisions. (2). Executive type students often play according a progressive way and subconsciously high insistency to advance. (3). Judicial type students are logic-oriented and solve problem through comparison and analysis.

Through the game students were trained and accumulate the relevant capability in thinking, then apply in problem solving in order to advance.

Finally recommendations were given in five areas: 1. Include problem solving activity in routine teaching. 2. Teachers should focus on how to enhance the ability of problem solving. 3. The process of problem solving is the key over just looking for the answer. 4. Increase the design of problem solving teaching activities. 5. Prompt encouragement to students will help to overcome the difficulties during the advance. Keyword: Thinking Style, Problem Solving, Computer Game