考慮環保因素下的台電火力發電廠之生產力與效率

Abstract

能源產業中佔極大規模及產值的台灣電力股份有限公司其最前端之生產單位為發電廠，因水力電廠與核能電廠所產生之環境污染問題極低，僅火力電廠之空氣污染佔台電公司污染量之大宗，因環保法規行政管制的經濟誘因政策，台電公司各火力電廠的經營績效必須考量各廠污染的邊際減量成本以決定採增加污染防制設施或改採污染性較低之燃料發電進行污染物排放減量或繳交空污費，環境保護費用必須成為發電業評估績效之重要項目。 本研究透過 DEA 診斷分析，受評估之決策單位選定七座火力發電廠，投入項為燃料成本、設備折舊、維護成本、環保設施折舊費用、空污費。產出項為電費收入，蒐集民國八十八年至民國九十一年各受評決策單位之投入及產出資料，進行分析。 本研究實證結論為： （1）環境保護投入項對各火台電力電廠之效率評估具提升效果。 （2）於現行環保政策之經濟誘因下，燃煤電廠總體經營績效仍優於燃氣電廠。

Power stations of Taiwan Power Company （TPC）occupy the most scope and output value in Taiwan energy industry. Hydro power station and nuclear energy power station cause fewer of environmental problems. The air pollution of thermal power stations constitutes a large proportion of the air pollution of TPC. Environmental regulation induces these thermal power stations to adopt augmenting facilities of pollution prevention and control. Cleaner fuels are used to cut down the pollution control expenses. Environmental protection expenses are essential for judging the performance of a power station. This study applies DEA to analyze seven thermal power stations. Five inputs are the fuel material cost, equipment depreciation, maintains cost, expense of environmental protection facilities depreciation, air pollution fee. A single output item is the power bill revenue. The sample period is from 1999 to 2002. Our major empirical findings are as follows :( 1) Incorporation of environmental factors will increase the efficiency level of the each thermal power station of TPC. (2)Productivity and efficiency of the coal-fired power stations are in average higher than those of gas-fired power stations.