兩岸科學園區產業引進管理與生產力之研究

Abstract

在競爭激烈的國際投資環境中，高科技的發展對於每個國家是十分重要的，而科學園區是各國高科技發展的重要指標，本研究針對兩岸科學園區的發展進行分析比較。 夲研究針對民國82年到89年的台灣新竹科學園區及49個大陸國家級高新區進行生產力與效率之研究，所選取之投入變數為企業家數及員工人數，所選取之產出變數為營業額。 分析模型包含：一、以員工人數為投入變數，以營業額為產出變數之單投入單產出之員工貢獻度分析。二、運用DEA-Malmquist 分析，以企業家數及員工人數為投入變數，並以營業額為產出變數之多投入單產出分析。 在研究期間初期台灣新竹科學園區的生產力與效率均較大陸高新區佳，但隨著時間的經過兩岸科學園區的競賽進入各有進展的狀況下，新竹科學園區的生產力與效率仍較大陸整體高新區強；大陸高新區之發展時間雖然較台灣新竹科學園區短，但大陸高新區成長的速度相當快，惟其各高新區發展狀況不一且差異甚大。 與大陸高新區相較，台灣新竹科學園區在研究期間均在效率前緣上，其CRS效率、純技術效率及生產規模效率均維持不變，新竹科學園區之生產力變動多來自技術變動，因此無法藉由改善效率值來提升總要素生產力，在以一情形下，新竹科學園區仍應持續進行研發來保持其高度之競爭力。 目前大陸國家級高新區各個區域的發展特色未被明確定位，在高新區個數眾多的情形下，要同時發展高質量、高水準之高新區的可能性不大，在研究期間大陸各高新區之規模變動均呈現不穩定之狀態，或許將性質、區域相近的高新區進行整合以促進規模變動。

In the drastic competitive international investment environment, the development of hi-tech industries is important for each economy. Productivity of the science park is an important index for an economy’s hi-tech development. This study compares the productivity and efficiency of science parks in Taiwan and in Mainland China. We construct a panel data set of the Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan and 49 national science parks in Mainland China during the period from 1993 to 2000. The number of enterprises and the number of the employees are chosen as two inputs. The sales volume is the single output. The DEA-Malmquist model is used to compute the efficiency and productivity of these science parks. Our major empirical findings are as follows: (1) At the beginning of the sample period, the Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan performs better than science parks in Mainland China with respect to both productivity and efficiency. At the end of the sample period, productivity and efficiency of Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan are still better than those of science parks in Mainland China. However, the productivity and efficiency of science parks in Mainland China improve quickly. (2) Compared to the science parks in Mainland China, Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan are on the frontier during all the sample periods; that is , its overall efficiency, pure technology efficiency and scale efficiency are all equal to one. Therefore, its productivity change comes merely from the technical change. Therefore, R&D is essential for the Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan to continuously improve its technical change and hence its productivity. (3) Some similar and close science parks in Mainland China need to combine with each other in order to improve their scale efficiency.