高齡者交通特性與交通設施之檢討

Abstract

我國由於人口的老化，而食、衣、住、行、育、樂乃是六大民生需求，而這六大民生需求中，又行的問題因為無法和一般人完全分離的，故在行的方面是需要配合一般人的使用，也是最棘手的問題。 然而我國在無障礙運輸系統方面有許多研究，但大都以「殘障人士」之運輸系統較多；但由於「高齡者」和殘障人士在生、心理特性不同，故其交通特性也大不相同；而依據經建會之預估至民國89年止，65歲以上之人口將達到8.7%，更甚於0.73%之「殘障者」。 鑒於此，故本研究針對高齡者之生、心理特性、社會特性探討出高齡者交通行為特性與交通需求特性。而探討出之交通行為特性為無(錯誤)反應與動作無法配合等特性。而後，以問卷調查來驗証高齡者之特性與交通行為之關係，且了解高齡者認為在使用交通設施時，他們所面臨的問題所在。 而後再針對高齡者最常使用的交通設施，如步道系統與大眾運輸系統作一設計要點的探討，使以後的交通設施設計者可以了解，在設計交通設施應該注意到哪些部分，使得交通設施在設計時能夠納入高齡者的特性。 最後，本研究提出高齡者步道系統可動評估模式，以評估步道系統是否容易被高齡者使用，其評估準則包含了安全性、舒適性與流暢性。希望藉此評估模式，能夠得知需要改善的步道系統，進而使高齡者得到一個良好的交通環境。

By the population aging, the transportation problem can’t separate with general people completely, so in traffic aspect general people, must operate in coordination. That is the most troublesome problem. There are many researches about without barrier transportation system in Taiwan. Generally speaking, there are more about “body deficient people’s transportation system”. The physiology quality and the mental quality of ”graybeards” and which of body deficient people are different, so the traffic qualities are not the same. In according to the from “Economy Development Association” people over 65years old reaching 8.7% in 2000, more than “body deficient people” reaching 0.73% 10 2000. In the dissertation, the qualities of graybeards behavior and demand abort traffic are discussed from the cause of graybeards’ physiological and mental and social properties. The dissertation confer why traffic behavior quality is no (or mistake) reaction and action unable operate in coordination characteristic. The way of questionnaires investigates relationship of graybeards’ quality and traffic behavior, and comprehends questions the graybeards face when they are using traffic facilities. After that, traffic facilities such as walker system and the mass population transportation system, graybeards use constantly are analyzed from the principal point of design. The traffic facilities designers can understand what they should take care of in traffic facilities design and traffic facilities designed will contain what about graybeards’ quality in the future. The dissertation offers “graybeards walker system evaluating model”, and evaluates walker system if the graybeards use easing. The evaluating criterion include Safety, Comfort and Fluency. I hope that from the evaluating model people can know we need to improve walker system, and create the wonderful traffic environment for graybeards.