幾何形體與特殊形體的空間感知-以虛擬實境探討專家生手的空間感知差異

Abstract

在建築的歷史上，透視法的發現與應用讓建築師得以準確的描述建築，而對我們所生活的空間有了歷史性的影響。在電腦逐步融入我們日常生活的今日，電腦在建築設計上的應用除了影響到設計初期至後期的設計思考過程以外，對於新的形體的嘗試也是近年來電腦應用於建築的重要發展方向之一，許多特殊形體的建築空間也因為電腦對形體的良好掌握能力而不斷地產生，如Gehry或Eisenman等近年來的建築設計案就是因為有電腦媒材的輔助才得以進行設計、建造。 而在許多特殊形體的空間中，以往用來定義幾何空間的建築元素的角色正在轉變。對有豐富經驗的建築師而言，建築元素是可以被輕易辨認且應用的，但是對於未接觸建築專業領域的生手來說，這些元素並不容易被他們所感知。本研究藉由兩階段虛擬實境的實驗，首先探討不同空間形體中的感知程度，並比較具有建築背景的專家與不具建築背景的生手之間的差異。在第一階段的實驗完成之後，將定義空間的建築元素加入空間中來探討這些元素對空間形體感知度的影響。 本研究提出專家與生手間存在著對不同空間的感知差異，以及對於不同建築元素添加於空間後對專家與生手的空間感知會產生不同的影響。專家所習慣使用的建築元素，在幾何形空間中可能無法有效增進生手對空間的感知程度，但在自由形體的空間中，無論對於專家或是生手，加入這些建築元素對自由形體空間的辨識有正面性的幫助。

Abstract The invention and applications of perspective let architect can describe architecture precisely and had historical influence to the space we live in. But in this era, computers gradually merge into our daily life, and its application of architectural design was not only effect the process of design thinking but also had a lot of new form experiments. Because of the ability to control form by computer software, there are a lot of so called freeform spaces appeared recent years. For examples, Frank Gehry and Peter Eisenman these two famous architects in 20 century had some architecture design projects were impossible to come true without computer. In these freeform spaces, the role of architectural elements that used to define geometrical space is changing. These elements can easily identify and use to the architect with a lot of experience, but they are hard to be perceptual. By virtual reality experiments, we research discusses the perceptual level in different spatial form, and the difference between expert (with architectural background) and novice during the first stage. Second, we add architectural elements that used to define space into original form to see the influence of these elements. This research focuses on the perceptual difference of various spaces between expert and novice and that how these architectural elements effect their spatial perception. These architectural elements that familiar to expert were not able to improve perceptual level of novice in geometrical spaces, but they got positive effect in freeform spaces.