知識管理之應用於臺灣半導體產業

Abstract

在新經濟時代，知識是唯一的競爭優勢。知識管理變成商業世界的最後也是最熱門的話題。在高競爭產業的公司裡最重要的課題勢必需要專注於能將公司內之資訊流與有創造及改革能力的員工相互協同整合的資訊科技。 如此激烈的競爭，很短的產品生命週期，產品開發技術及製程科技的快速變遷都是台灣半導體的特徵。所以台灣半導體產業公司便想要導入知識管理系統以避免重複性的錯誤，重複的付出，盡量節省解決問題的時間以刺激改革及創造。從製程發展和工廠內之異常問題之相關文獻探討得知，現有的問題就是難以獲得公司內部存在的顯性及隱性知識。因此必須導入兩種策略來管理現有知識：整合的及互動的〈integrative and interactive〉。 根據這兩個知識導入策略再對應到台灣半導體問題，我們提出一個系統雛型。於觀念上，這個系統雛型包含了一些功能像knowledge pool，yellow page，and expert forum以解決工廠異常問題，協同作業以及經驗累積(顯性及影性知識分享) 。檢驗的方式則是以問卷收集資料來檢測此系統雛形。經由統計數據結果得知，觀念上此系統雛型應該可以解決台灣半導體的那兩個問題。 這個研究的貢獻有兩點：第一點就是我們找出台灣半導體產業問題並且明確地導入知識管理觀念。第二點就是我們運用知識管理策略的觀念提出一個系統雛形。

In the new economy, knowledge is the only real competitive advantage. Knowledge management has become the latest hot topic in the business world. The most important issue for companies in high competitive industry is to ensure that they focus on the synergy of data and information processing capacity of information technologies, and the creative and innovative capacity of their human members. Intensified competition, shortened product life cycles, and rapidly changed advanced technology applications of product development and production processes are characteristics of semiconductor industry in Taiwan. Organizations want to implement knowledge management system for avoiding repetition of mistakes, reducing duplication of effort, saving time on problem-solving, and stimulating innovation and creativity. After investigating literature related to the product development process and fab abnormal solving, we can find that the main existing problem is inaccessibility of existing explicit and tacit knowledge. Two strategies need to implement to manage existing knowledge, integrative and interactive. According the mapping from knowledge strategies to problems of semiconductor industry in Taiwan, we proposed a prototype. The prototype includes some functions that knowledge pool, yellow page, and expert forum can facilitate problems solving, collaboration work and experience accumulated (explicit and tacit knowledge sharing) in perception. We use questionnaire to collect data to test the prototype. According the statistical result, the perceptions support system prototype can solve these problems of semiconductor industry in Taiwan. The work presented here makes the following contributions. First, we identify problems associated with knowledge management specifically in the context of semiconductor manufacturing in Taiwan. Second, we map these problems to knowledge management implement strategies and translate these strategies into specific system prototype.