結合知識管理與能力管理之軟體開發環境

Abstract

在限定期限內開發出「滿足客戶的需求」且「帶給客戶最大利益」的「高品質」軟體是軟體開發團隊的責任。軟體團隊成員的素質與經驗、軟體發展流程、軟體發展環境、軟體知識的再利用、軟體元件的再利用、團隊合作環境等因素均對軟體專案執行的效率有重大影嚮，而軟體團隊成員的素質與經驗及軟體知識的再利用又影嚮軟體發展流程執行效率與品質及軟體發展環境的使用效益。 現今的軟體發展環境大多以提升軟體發展工作效率為導向，例如：CASE、軟體專案管理相關工具等，近年來有人應用專家系統於軟體發展工具以提升工具的使用效率，及加入再利用元件庫於軟體發展工具以提升軟體開發效率，但鮮有人將軟體知識管理、軟體人才素質管理等工具整合於軟體發展工具。然而軟體團隊成員的素質與經驗對專案執行效率影嚮最大，且軟體知識的再利用影嚮專案問題的解決速度，因此從軟體專案的角度來看，確實需要一套結合軟體發展流程、軟體發展工具、軟體知識再利用、軟體元件再利用與軟體人員能力管理等功能的「整合」軟體發展環境，本研究之目的即在設計滿足此需求的軟體發展環境。 本論文以軟體製作階段工作為對象探討該階段所需使用的工具、需應用的軟體知識以及程式設計人員能力評估資訊，進而設計及製作此整合軟體發展環境之雛形系統。此發展環境不只提供配合軟體發展流程所需的CASE工具、軟體知識及軟體元件再利用環境、及協助團隊成員溝通、協調與知識分享的支援工具，以提供程式設計人員良好工作環境，更提供能力管理工具自動分析程式設計人員工作效率及品質，此環境透過軟體代理人來負責監控程式設計流程、發展者活動與各工具間的協調，以方便使用者使用。 因此本研究所提供之軟體發展環境除了提供軟體發展工具外，更提供軟體元件庫、知識再利用支援機制，且自動記錄各軟體工程師之專長、工作品質及效率等資料以供軟體開發成員之能力管理，更適合「以人為本」軟體專案發展之用。

It is the responsibility of a software team to develop “high quality” software that can “meet customer’s requirements” and “bring the most benefit to customers” within limited schedule. There are several factors that will determine the efficiency of a project development such as capability and experience of project team members, software development process, software development environment, reuse of software knowledge and software components, and collaborative environment. Among them, the capability and experience of project team members and software knowledge reuse are crucial in the efficiency of implementing software development process and the benefit of adopting a software development environment. Most modern software development environments could help accelerate the efficiency of software development via CASE tools, software project management tools. There are also recent researches that propose to integrate the expert system and reuse component management into software development tool. However, no research is available proposing to integrate software development process, CASE tools, software knowledge management, reuse component management and capability management. As described before, the capability and experience of team members are crucial for project implementation efficiency and the degree of software knowledge reuse determines the efficiency of problem solving; that is, we need an integrated development environment that integrates the software development process, software development tools, software knowledge reuse, software component reuse and the capability management of software practitioners. The purpose of this research is to design and implement the software development environment that meets the above requirements. This thesis will exploit the tools, software knowledge and programmers capability evaluation at implementation phase and develop a prototype for such integrated software development environment. This environment will become an ideal working environment for programmers, providing the CASE tool following a software development process, the tools for software knowledge and component reuse, the necessary tools assisting the members to communicate, coordinate and share their knowledge. Besides, there are tools for capability management that will automatically analyze the programs’ efficiency and quality. It uses the software agents to monitor the programmer’s programming design workflow, activities, and collaboration among tools. Therefore, the development environment conducted by our research follows the idea of peopleware, with software development tools, software component reuse and knowledge reuse mechanism, and capability management tools to automatically record the capability, task quality, and task efficiency.