臺灣銀行業整合之實證研究—資料包絡分析法之應用

Abstract

摘要 全球銀行業合併之腳步愈趨快速，本國之銀行業者不得不正視此問題並快速做出因應策略，然而，面對國外趨勢的壓迫與國內過度競爭之市場，我國銀行業者應做些什麼而又該如何做？此即為本論文之研究主題。關於此主題，本研究將運用「整合」之概念加以探討，雖然國內外已有許多文獻亦將合併或整合列為研究之主題與目的，但其多數僅評估購併後個體之績效，而忽略了購併對整體產業之影響，因此本文除探討整合後之個體績效外，也將一併討論整合對其他同業與整體產業之影響與其因應策略，並進而尋找出我國銀行業之最佳銀行組合。首先，本文將對當前全球金融環境之潮流與我國銀行業所面對之市場環境做一描述，說明購併時代之來臨我國銀行業有加快整合腳步與世界接軌之必要；再者，基於多階式效率評選模式與效率提升之概念，以資料包絡分析法進行我國銀行業整合之研究探討，以下即為研究之發現與結論： 1.由多階式效率評選模式，得以將48家之樣本銀行區分為四個效率等級，並藉由等級間的整合，印證了整合之必要；此外更分析了銀行在面對同業整合時之因應策略，與尋找銀行整合之依據。根據此模式產生的1,128組整合，可發現透過與第一級效率前緣之樣本，可使整體產業與整合後新個體之效率值皆提升的機率最大；再者，任何銀行與無效率樣本銀行整合，對整體產業都將帶來益處的結果，亦提供一使整體產業效率提升兼具有效與快速之辦法。 2.透過效率等級間整合所得之整合依據與效率提升幅度概念的運用下，經過14個階段之整合，得到對整體銀行業來說最佳的整合組合，可使新個體銀行與整體銀行業之效率皆達高效；另外，此組合將使樣本銀行自48家減少為34家，其中並包括了12家新個體，而整體產業之效率值則由0.952104提升至1。 3.在面對大型化的全球趨勢下，銀行應審視考量與其他金融機構整合之可能與策略；可經由與證券、保險、票據..等相關金融機構之整合，增加服務內容之項目與提升服務之品質，並提高市場佔有率與全球競爭力。

Abstract The banking industry is consolidating at an accelerating pace which leads banks in Taiwan have to face the merger problems right now. In this tough time, what and how to do is the most important theme for discussion. And those are the main points which we use the conception of integration to study in this thesis. Although there are many literatures which discuss with merger or integration, they only study the individual efficiency after merging and omit to analyze the effects of merger to the whole banking industry and to find the good way to merger or integration. And these dimensions are all discussed in this research. At the very start, we describe the financial environment and trend around the world and show the evidences to illustrate the coming of merger times and we must do it as soon as possible. Next, based on the conception of economic efficiency, we make use of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to proceed with this research. On the base of the assumptions in this research, the conception of multi-frontier curves is used to find the beneficial integration and the conception of the maximum improved breadth of efficiency is used to look for the optimal combination in the banking industry. For this construct, there are a number of conclusions as follows after the whole process: 1. Using multi-frontier curves to grade all the samples into 4 grades, it’s easy to find the successful integration between each grade. And the strategy be used to face the integration is also can be analyzed. Among the integrated combinations, to integrate with the efficiency frontier of the first grade has more probability to raise both efficiency of the whole banking industry and integrated individual. Furthermore, the rates can reach 100% if non-efficient unit to integrate with other banks. 2. Using the integration approach after fourteen stages, an optimal combination in banking industry can be found. The optimal combination is not only increases the efficiency of integrated individuals but maximum the efficiency of the whole banking industry. The samples in our research are 48 in the beginning and then reduce to 34 at the end; the original efficiency of the whole banking industry is 0.9521 and then increases to 1. 3. Facing the large-scale trend in the whole world, banks should consider the space to integrate with other financial institutions like insurance company, securities firms and so on to increase the service items and competitions.