垃圾衍生燃料（RDF-5）成形性研究

Abstract

RDF-5是將垃圾中之可燃物經破碎、乾燥、分選、成形等程序製成棒狀之燃料。不但能達到處理垃圾的目的，也可增加資源回收再利用的效益。 本研究先從文獻與專利蒐尋著手，再透過連體材料與多孔性材料的模擬分析，對模具參數與擠製時之壓力作一探討。而後先利用木屑作為簡化的材料進行實驗，在實驗時簡化成形模具為單一模口。在對不同含水率之木屑與不同半模角與擠製比之模具進行實驗後發現，含水率對於成形時有極大的影響。而模具的改變對於成形於否較無關係，而較大之擠製比與半模角所需之成形壓力較大。此外也以稻草桿、廢塑料及廢紙相等代表性之垃圾材料進行成形實驗，實驗結果與木屑成形實驗有類似之趨勢。

RDF-5 is a fuel product recovered from combustible wastes. The producing processes of RDF-5 includes crushing, drying, separating and forming. This kind of product not only can solve the problem of municipal solid wastes but also have great advantage in recycling. This research focuses on the formability of RDF-5. After literatures survey, simplified material models such as continuum material and porous material were extruded numerically by FEM to obtain the basic relationships between extrusion pressure and extrusion parameters. On the bases of these relationships, extrusion experiments were conducted on wood saw dust and moisture contents of saw dust, extrusion ratios and half die angles were taken as controlled parameters to explore the formability of RDF-like saw dust. According to the results of experiments, the moisture content of saw dust was found to be the most significant effect on the formation of sound and solid extrusion product, while other extrusion parameters show inrelevant effect. Similar to results of metal extrusion, large extrusion ratio and higher half die angle require large forming pressure. Finally, straw, waste plastics and waste carton, which are typical ingredients in the RDF, were also extruded in the same experiment procedures to explore their formabilities. Similar results as those obtained from dust saw experiment were obtained.