我國奈米科技產業關鍵成功因素及競爭策略之研究－以半導體製造業為例

Abstract

奈米科技，此廿一世紀的新興科技正在創造新一波技術與產業革命。它不僅改變我們對材料本質的認知，同時也影響我們製作事物的方法。未來奈米科技所產生的新材料及其衍生之新裝置、新應用，將遍及儲能、光電、電子、記錄媒體、機械工具、醫學醫藥、基因工程、環境與資源、化學工業等領域。 本研究主要透過Porter的五力分析架構來建立半導體製造業的產業結構，並藉由總體環境分析，整理出我國半導體製造業面臨奈米世代之關鍵成功因素及競爭策略，以利於未來將投入奈米科技之半導體製造業公司進行規劃及適當的資源配置，亦可提供政府相關單位擬訂國家政策時之參考。本研究採問卷調查的方式，主要對象為產、官、學及研等單位之專家。論文中利用SPSS軟體進行單因子變異數分析，針對問卷調查的結果進行多重比較，並分析各項關鍵成功因素及競爭策略所造成的影響，同時也進一步探討未來可能的發展。 研究結果顯示，半導體製造業在奈米世代的各項關鍵成功因素中，以製程研發創新能力拔得頭籌，其次為技術創新能力，其三為研發人力培發能力，第四名為製程掌握能力，第五名為智財權之掌握能力。而產、官、學及研等單位對此五項關鍵成功因素的看法並無顯著差異。在成本領導、差異化及集中等競爭策略上，產、官、學及研等單位亦對各前三名策略因子看法相近。此外，本研究發現多數專家們認為IC製造業為半導體產業中影響新一世代發展之重要指標，且該產業將在2006年至2008年擁有規模經濟之效益。多數亦認為生物科技產業將與半導體產業息息相關且有相輔相成之發展。另一方面，就半導體製造業而言，未來達到規模經濟之製程技術極限將是10奈米以下。綜合這些研究結果顯示，專家們對我國投入奈米科技研發深具信心。因此我國半導體製造業須掌握關鍵成功因素及擬定適當的競爭策略，以塑造有利的產業環境。如此才能在競爭激烈的產業環境中，持續提昇我國的競爭優勢。

Nanotechnology, the rising technology of 21st century, is creating the new revolution of technology and industry. It not only changes our knowledge about material essence, but affects the methods of manufacturing. In the near future, novel nano materials and new devices、applications originated from nanotechnology, will spread throughout storage, optoelectronics, electronics, record media, mechanism, medicine, gene engineering, environment and resources、chemical engineering et cetera . In order to build the IC′s industry structure, we carry out the framework of Porter’s five competitive forces in this thesis. Moreover, macro-environment analysis is used to clarify the impacts of KSFs (key success factors) and competitive strategies for Taiwan’s IC manufacturing industry in nano generation. These results can help semiconductor manufacturing companies, which will invest in nanotechnology to plan future development and appropriate resource layout. Besides, they could be reference materials for related government organization in drafting national policy. The questionnaire method was performed in this study for experts from industry, government, academia, and research centre. We applied SPSS to analyze one-way ANOVA and multiply compared the investigation results. Meanwhile, a series of KSFs and effects of competitive strategies were analyzed, the further development were also explored. Our results show that, the most effective KSFs of Taiwan’s IC manufacturing industry in nano generation is the ability of manufacturing innovation, the second is the ability of technology innovation, the third the is ability of personnel training, the fourth is the ability of control manufacturing and the fifth is the ability of intellectual property rights. Nevertheless, all these investigated organizations have the same viewpoint about those five KSFs. For competitive strategies, their opinions in former three factors of cost leadership, differentiation, and centralization are closed. Moreover, most experts believe IC manufacturing is the most effective index of next generation in semiconductor industry and this industry will accomplish the benefit of scale economy during 2006~2008. Also, most of these exports believe biotechnology industry is closely related to the semiconductor industry and these industries complement each other. For semiconductor manufacturing, however, the process technology of future scale economy will be limited below 10nm. To summarize these investigation results, it is clear that these experts are confident of nanotechnology research of our country. Therefore, our semiconductor manufacturing should control the KSFs and establish appropriate competitive strategies to build beneficial industry environment. Thus, the competitive superiority of our country could be continually promoted in severe industry environment.