建築物避難設計先期評估研究

Abstract

近年來我國社會與經濟快速的成長，促使人口迅速的增加，都會區蓬勃的擴增，在這塊狹小的島嶼上，土地資源有限，再加上建築工法的日新月異，使得建築物莫不朝著大型化、高層化及地下化等更複雜的方向發展。諸如大型複合用途建築物、大型購物商場、大型影城及超高層辦公大樓等如雨後春筍般地設計、興建，這類建築物共同的特點是空間複雜、複合的使用用途、多層結構及眾多使用人數，在這種情況下，不但增加火災發生的機率，危險度也相對提高，一旦發生火警，建築物內部之收容人員如何安全避難是相當重要的問題，也使得建築物的防火管理更面臨了空前的挑戰。 為了確保火災發生時建築物內部之收容人員能安全的完成避難逃生行動，利用電腦輔助以避難逃生模擬軟體來模擬建築物內之收容人員緊急避難逃生行動是目前研究之趨勢。本研究即是以由英國Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd.發展出來的避難逃生模擬軟體SIMULEX作為探討建築物內收容人員之緊急避難逃生行動的方法，並以目前國內最常見的結合了大型影城及大型百貨商場使用型態之複合用途建築物為分析案例，以工程理論及科學的觀點，探討建築物避難逃生設計之最佳模式，期使發生火災時之人員傷亡降至最低。

In recent years, our society and economy grow rapidly, which improve population increase and city expand rapidly. In this island where resources are limited, the architecture laws change every day that result in the buildings turning large, tall, underground and more complex. The purposeful big buildings, shopping malls, big movie theaters and the tallest office buildings have been designed and manufactured flourishing. They have the same features of complicated spaces, plenty of purposes for using, many floors of structure and numerous people to use. In this situation, not only increases the probability of fire but also rises the danger. Once hit by fire, how people evacuate safely from the construction is quite an important problem; furthermore, management of the building fireproofing is faced with unexpected challenge. In order to make sure the people can escape safely from the burning building, using the computer with evacuation software to simulate people evacuating from the building in emergency is the tendency of research nowadays. This research is to explore the method of people evacuating in emergency from building by SIMULEX, which is a simulated evacuation software offered by Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd.. In addition, the research is based on the case of purposeful building that combine the gigantic movie theaters and shopping malls. It is concerned with the view of engineering and science to investigate the best model of evacuation design in order to reduce the number of casualty when the fire happened.