以港埠供應鏈之觀點探討轉運港之功能與參與者─ 以巴拿馬港埠為例

Abstract

在過去20年間，物流作業之範疇不僅是一般運輸行為，而是以更廣闊的角度及整合度更高之方式，提供管理與服務。港口在有效率及效果的物流與供應鏈發展上扮演著重要角色，也因此使得開發中國家擴大其各種海運物流事業。在此概念之下，對於作為競爭力策略之港埠供應鏈(Port Supply Chain, PSC)而言，必須仰賴物流服務及參與提供整合式服務給客戶之港埠社區（港埠主管機關、貨運承攬業、航運業者、港埠營運單位等）結合的網路。 本研究希望能找出一套理論架構的通用形成及評估方法來促進港埠供應鏈的實施。本研究利用根據巴拿馬港埠的個案研究方法（解釋用目的）來評估港埠供應鏈整合中所牽涉之主要功能與成員。此外，也將討論內陸港埠的觀念作為有實際空間問題之港埠的替代性方案。 資訊科技的使用及透過成員與港埠運輸模式聯結能力之間永續協調與合作所達成之良好關係是重要的結果及PSC實施上的主要條件。人力資源方面的新發現、港埠物流行銷、貿易誘因及自由貿易狀態在港埠供應鏈實施上的角色為部分相關。透過內容分析法向海運物流業者提出一些管理意涵與建議，以及在學術領域提出假說。

During the last 20 years, the logistic scope has been more expanded over a mere transportation activity in order to embrace a bigger perspective and more integrated administration and supply of services. Seaports undertake an important role in the developing of an efficient and effective logistic and supply chain making developing countries to expand their participation in a range of different maritime-logistic business. In this sense, Port Supply Chain (PSC) as a competitiveness strategy relies on a network of logistics services together with the port community (port authorities, freight forwarders, shipping lines, port operator, and so on) that participate in the delivery of integrated logistics services to the customer. This study looks for a general formulation and evaluation of a theoretical framework contributing in the implementation of port supply chain. With a case study – embedded approach (exploratory purpose) based on Panamanian Port, the study evaluates the main functions and members involved in the Port Supply Chain Integration. Additionally, the concept of inland port is also discussed as an alternative facility on those ports with physical space limitation. Use of information technology, good relationship through a sustainable coordination and collaboration between members and the ability of transport mode connectivity in port are important results as main conditions in the implementation of PSC. New findings of this study focalize on human resources; port-logistic marketing, trade incentives and role of free trade zone in the port supply chain implementation are some relevant results. Through a content analysis process, some managerial implications have been drawn for the maritime-logistics sector as well as some propositions have been proposed for the academic community.