應用群集分析於高美濕地保護區的土地使用分區

Abstract

國內野生動物保護法雖然規定保護區需依生物特性及保護程度可劃設出核心區、緩衝區及永續利用區三種，以限制人類的活動達到保護區內生態必要的保護；然而，目前尚未有合適的分區劃設方法以供參考。 本文以高美濕地保護區為案例，使用群集分析法將相似歧異度指數及豐度指數區分同等生物特性的區域，建立土地利用的合適的劃設方法。本文使用主要技巧包括：(1)虛擬假設保護區的邊界的生物特性，(2)利用克利金法將各類生物測站的數據內插至網格區，(3)並嘗試數種不同組合的變數藉由群集分析將高美濕地保護區分為三區，(4)再評估所劃設三區的平均物種豐富優劣程度是否依生態重要性的排列及緩衝區須包覆核心區的兩個原則條件。根據上述技術，本文最後選出三種可行的劃設結果 以位置與魚類歧異度變數或位置與蟹類歧異度的兩種變數劃設的分區滿足各區鳥類、魚類、蟹類、植物及底棲動物的平均歧異度與豐富度的優劣及保育稀有動物的多寡的排序原則；但以位置、魚類與蟹類歧異度為變數的區分結果，雖然符合各區各種物種的平均豐富度的優劣排序，然而卻無法滿足保育稀有動物平均數量的排序。本文中以物位置及蟹類歧異度所分區之結果與台中市政府已劃設保護區有84％面積屬於同一類型。 本文考慮棲地位置、生物多樣性及稀有物種的保育重要性，所提的方法適合來劃設保護區為核心區、緩衝區及永續利用區，兼顧保護區內的生態保護、環境教育與休閒活動的功能。本方法需再應用至其他保護區的土地利用劃設來驗證本方法之可行性。

Based on the wildlife conservation law a protection area can be divided into three zones, that are core zone, buffer zone and sustainable use zone, depending on biodiversity and the importance of protected animals or plants to limit human activity for wildlife conservation. However, an applicable methodology is unavailable so far. The paper investigates a method of dividing zones of alike biota in the Kaomei protected wetland using the cluster analysis. Key techniques are included: (1) virtual boundary condition of species index on the protected zone; (2) the Kriging method for interpolation of Shannon’s index of diversity at grid cells; (3) three groups divided by the cluster analysis on the cells for different variables; (4) two criteria for determining valid division. Those are the rank of mean richness index of some kinds of species in each zone and the buffer zone surrounding the core zone. Following the rules of the proposed method three applicable results are obtained. Using the variables of location and Shannon’s index of fish diversity or crab diversity satisfies the criteria and has the required rank of mean Shannon’s index of diversity and mean species richness index of bird, fish, crab, plant and benthos and mean number of protected rare species. However, using the variables of location and Shannon’s index of fish diversity as well as crab diversity cannot hold the required rank of mean number of protected rare species. The cells of three divided zones by the present method corresponding with those by Taichung City Government are assembled at an 84 percentage of the whole cells. Considering the location, species richness and rare species in a protected area the investigation provides an applicable method of dividing the protected area into core zone, buffer zone and sustainable zones for wildlife conservation, environmental education and outdoor recreations. Further application of the proposed method to other protected areas will be done to examine the validity.