風力發電應用在造紙業的效益評估-以天隆造紙廠春風風力發電示範系統為個案研究

Abstract

風力發電技術，經歐美國家長期的研發，已趨成熟，因風力發電兼具能源與環保雙重的貢獻，近年來大型商業化的裝置容量，已快速成長。 台灣為一海島型氣候，每年在將近有6個月之東北季風季節□，沿海、高山及離島等許多地區，風能潛力極佳。政府為因應「京都議定書」對溫室氣體減量的承諾，積極推動以風力發電為主的再生能源發展的推廣政策。 天隆造紙廠(股)公司竹北廠，位居開發風能應用極具潛力的新竹沿海岸地帶，由於台電供電不足，並為落實本公司綠色生產鏈體制的推動，家庭用紙”春風”品牌及公司形象之提昇，因而配合政府「風力發電示範系統設置補助辦法」之政策，設置”春風風力發電示範系統”，除供給工廠自用電力外，並兼具示範、教育推廣功能。 本研究之目的乃就春風風力發電示範系統為個案，就風力發電扮演分散式、補助性能源的經濟效益，及對本公司落實綠色生產鏈體系，結合示範、教育宣導綠色能源之功能，及建立優質企業形象等的無形效益，做一探討，並提供風力發電設備規劃、安裝施工及操作運轉經驗，期能對國內風能應用之推廣，發揮其作用。 本研究實際收集竹北工廠最近三年，台電及重油自發電使用比率及成本資料，並記錄風力發電機設置完成後17個月(91年10月∼93年3月)間，運轉期間，每個月的60m高風速，各風力機發電量、運轉率等操作運轉數據，進而分析不同情境下，春風風力發電示範系統的經濟效益。 綜合本研究之結論，春風風力發電示範系統之經濟效益，在政府補助的前提下，內部報酬率在11.1%以上，投資回收年限6.9年以下。同時對溫室氣體CO2之減量、示範、教育推廣功能，及本公司形象的提升，亦有相當的貢獻。 最後並建議政府應儘速通過「再生能源發展條例」之立法，以排除用地取得及優惠購電之問題，提供更大的誘因，才能營造出有利的推廣風力應用環境。

After many years of research & development in the western countries, the technology of wind turbine has reached maturity, Because of its dual contributions of energy and environmental protection, wind turbine has seen many large scale commercial installation lately, and the installed capacity has increased rapidly. Taiwan is situated in a typical island climate region, and each year there are 6 months of monsoon season with northeastern prevailing winds blowing constantly. The coastal, high mountains and off-shore island regions, in particular, have excellent wind power potentials. The government in a effort to comply with the commitment of reducing emission of greenhouse gases is actively promoting the policy of fostering renewable energy development based on Wind Power. The Chu-Pei mill of Tien Long paper Mfg. Co. Ltd. is located at the coast of Hsin-Chu where is excellent wind power potential, Due to insufficient power supply from the Taiwan power Co., and in order practice the green production chain system of our company, as well as to enhance the brand image of the “Andante” houshold paper products, we had decided to comply the government policy of subsidizing the establishment of demonstrating wind power system, and the “Andante” wind power demonstration system was built. The power system serves the purpose of supplying electricity to the mill and the functions of demonstrating and educating the public on wind power. Thus, based on the case study of the “Andante” wind power demonstration system, the purposes of this study are to investigate the economic benefits of the distributed, supplementary energy source from wind turbine, the effects of this project on consolidating the green production chain system of our company, the capability of combining demonstration, education and promoting the green energy source, and the intangible benefit of a superior corporate image this project brings. We shall also provide our experience on the planning, construction, installation, and operation of a wind power system, so that the wind power shall be extensively used in Taiwan, and exerts its full potential in meeting the energy needs of the nation. In this study, we have collected the electricity cost information from Taipower supply, and self electricity generation using fuel oil at the Chu-Pei mill for the last 3 years, the 17 months records of operation including monthly average wind speed at 60m height, electricity generation records of individual wind turbine, and availability rates since start up operation of the wind turbine (Oct. 2002 to Mar. 2004) are provided. And the economic benefits of the “Andante” wind power system are analyzed under different scenarios. In conclusion, this study found that under the premises of governmental subsidy for capital investment, the internal return rate (IRR) on investment reach 11.1% and more, and the capital pay back period shall be less than 6.9 years. At the same time, the project contributes substantially to reduction of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide emission, promotion and education of the public on wind power, and elevation of the company image. Finally, we would like to urge the government to pass the legislation of “Renewable Energy Development Act” as soon as possible. This shall allow easier land acquisition and preferential electricity rate sale. Only when there are greater incentives, then favorable conditions for promoting wind power shall emerge.