樂觀與悲觀的個人特質對知識分享之關連性研究－以台灣和馬來西亞科技業為例

Abstract

本研究探討台灣與馬來西亞的科技業員工在不同的個人特質(樂觀與悲觀)、正面情感與知識分享之關係，並研究國家文化差異(集體主義與權力距離)之調節效果。研究對象為台灣和馬來西亞科技業員工，回收之有效問卷共397份，並以階層迴歸檢驗研究假設。本研究結果發現正面情感扮演著個人特質(樂觀與悲觀)與知識分享之中介角色；此外，集體主義正向調節樂觀與知識分享之關係、負向調節正面情感與知識分享之關係；權力距離正向調節正面情感與知識分享之關係、負向調節個人特質(樂觀與悲觀)與知識分享之關係。另外，本研究認為在集權社會裡，惟有員工在正面情感效果下願意與他人分享知識和經驗。研究結果也證實了，台灣員工比馬來西亞員工注重團隊合作精神，並樂與他人分享知識。

This study investigates the relationship between technology industry workers of Taiwan and Malaysia in different personal traits (optimism and pessimism), positive affect and knowledge sharing. The study also examines the moderating effect of national cultural differences (collectivism and power distance). 397 valid questionnaires were collected from Taiwan and Malaysia technology industry workers, using hierarchical regression to test the hypotheses. The results indicate positive affect plays the mediating role between personal traits (optimism and pessimism) and knowledge sharing. Moreover, collectivism moderates the relationship between optimism and knowledge sharing positively, positive affect and knowledge sharing negatively; power distance moderates the relationship between affect and knowledge sharing positively, personal traits (optimism and pessimism) and knowledge sharing negatively. In addition, this study suggests that in a centralization society, only employees under the effect of positive affect are willing to share their knowledge and experience with others. The study results also confirmed that Taiwan employees focus more on team spirit than Malaysia employees and gladly share knowledge with others.