Inner functions of numerical contractions

Abstract

We prove that, for a function f in H(infinity) of the unit disc with parallel to f parallel to(infinity) <= 1, the existence of an operator T on a complex Hilbert space H with its numerical radius at most one and with parallel to f(T)x parallel to = 2 for some unit vector x in H is equivalent to that f be an inner function with f (0) = 0. This confirms a conjecture of Drury [S.W. Drury, Symbolic calculus of operators with unit numerical radius, Linear Algebra Appl. 428 (2008) 2061-2069]. Moreover, we also show that any operator T satisfying the above conditions has a direct summand similar to the compression of the shift S(phi), where phi(z) = zf(z) for vertical bar z vertical bar < 1. This generalizes the result of Williams and Crimmins [J.P. Williams, T. Crimmins, On the numerical radius of a linear operator, Amer. Math. Monthly 74 (1967) 832-833] for f (z) = z and of Crabb [M.J. Crabb, The powers of an operator of numerical radius one, Michigan Math. J. 18 (1971) 253-256] for f(z) = z(n) (n >= 2). (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.