科學園區污水處理廠生命週期評估之研究

Abstract

本研究以ISO14040生命週期評估的方法，使用生命週期評估軟體Simapro7.3及Eco-indicator95環境衝擊評估模式，研究科學園區污水處理廠對環境所產生之衝擊程度，除可鑑別出主要環境衝擊項目供利害相關者參考外，亦可分析比較生命週期之物料投入、污水處理流程、廢棄排放、運輸等各階段環境衝擊程差異，作為未來科學園區污水處理廠環境友善設計及操作之參考。

研究結果顯示，研究標的生命週期各階段衝擊值由高至低分別為廢棄階段(1.15E-02Pt)>物料投入階段(1.07E-02Pt)>處理流程階段(1.39E-04)>運輸階段(4.70E-05 Pt)，實際產生之環境衝擊項目包含重金屬污染、酸化、溫室效應、冬季煙霧、優氧化、夏季煙霧、致癌物、臭氧層破壞、固體廢棄物、能源消耗等，環境衝擊值以優氧化8.01E-03Pt最高，其次為重金屬污染3.48E-03Pt，總體環境衝擊值為1.18E-02Pt。優養化主要來源為廢水中PO43-的排放，重金屬污染來源則為廢水中Pb的排放。

The purpose of this study is to understand the degree of impact on environment by the Wastewater treatment plant in a science park via evaluating its life cycle. This study not only determines the main impact items on the environment as a reference for stakeholders, but also analyzes and compares the impact caused on different levels by such matters as waste dumping, material input, the wastewater treatment process, emissions, transportation, etc. during the ISO14040 life cycle assessment methods using softwares of Simapro7.3 and Eco-indicator 95 Environmental impact assessment model for the wastewater treatment plant in the science park. The results indicated that, if ranking the impact of each stage of the life cycle from greatest to smallest, they are as follows: waste dumping (1.15E-02 Pt)>material input stage (1.07E-02 Pt)>treatment process stage (1.39E-04 Pt)> transporting stage (4.70E-05 Pt).The actual environmental impacts include: heavy metal pollution, acidification, the greenhouse effect, winter smog, eutrophication, summer smog, carcinogens, ozone layer depletion, solid waste, and energy consumption. Regarding environmental impacts, the greatest is eutrophication(8.01E-03 Pt), the second greatest is heavy metal pollution (3.48E-03 Pt); and the overall environmental impact is 1.18E-02 Pt. The main source of eutrophication is PO43- in the wastewater, and the main source of heavy metal pollution is originated from Pb in the wastewater.