車門飾板側撞有限元素分析

Abstract

現行各大車廠對於撞擊事故發生時的防護措施，對於車體結構方面，大都著重於車體金屬鈑件的影響分析。但是實際上，當事故發生時，對於能量的吸收包括了車體金屬鈑件與車室內裝飾部件。本論文乃是以車室內之內車門飾板為研究對象，採用有限分析軟體(Alt- air/Hypermesh)進行車門飾板有限元素模型建立，而後再以Abaqus軟體來研究車門飾板受側方撞擊時之變形能量吸收反應。藉由模擬分析並與實際撞擊試驗比對，修正相關條件，務使模擬能接近真實狀態。期望本論文研究，能夠對於車門飾板單品零件設計，於受側方撞擊的保護作用有所助益。

The aim of this study is to analyze how door trim absorbs the strain energy of distortion when the side of the vehicle is crashed into. This study uses a finite element analysis software, Altair/Hypermesh, to establish the finite element model of the door trim and then uses the software Abaqus to analyze the energy absorption. With simulation analyses and comparison with physical door trim crash tests to emend related conditions, the simulation is conducted close to reality. Regarding the protections of the vehicle crash in terms of frame, most of the auto manufacturers focus on analyses of the body sheet metal. However, in fact, when accidents happen, energy absorption includes the vehicle's body sheet metal and interior door trim. With the results of the study, it is expected to help design better door trim parts to provide better protections during side crashes.