一個改良式新型集塵設備的研究

Abstract

傳統濾袋式集塵器濾袋清洗常用的方式包括機械振盪式、反洗空氣式及脈衝噴氣式三種。一般最常用脈衝空氣逆洗法清除附著在濾材上的粉塵，不過該清洗程序會產生80至110分貝之噪音，為其主要缺點。此外，一般民眾對環保意識的抬頭和對生活品質的要求，使得噪音和汙染相關的陳情案件逐年提升。有鑑於此，本研究嘗試開發一套新型集塵洗滌設備，以解決濾袋反衝洗時產生的噪音及降低濾袋更換成本。 本研究設計的新型集塵洗滌設備是結合文氏洗滌器和旋風集塵器之概念，其中與傳統文氏洗滌器設計的不同之處，主要在於放大了文氏管喉部的尺寸，使本集塵洗滌設備在操作時可產生較小的壓損。而研究結果顯示本集塵洗滌設備在廢氣的處理風量為50 CMM 時，壓損只有200 mmaq。 粉塵去除效率測試的結果顯示，當粉塵濃度在1600 mg/Nm3以上時，本改良式新型集塵洗滌設備的總粉塵去除效率可達到99%以上，與傳統袋式集塵設備的去除效率相當。除此之外，本集塵洗滌設備無需更換濾袋，估計可讓某工廠一年省下超過1000萬的濾袋更換成本。另外也不會有因反衝洗造成噪音問題產生。

Traditional methods to clean bag-filters include mechanical oscillation, back-washing, and pulse-jet cleaning. The pulse air backwashing method is the most usually used to remove dust attached to the filter. However, this cleaning procedure creates noise increment of about 80–110 dB, which is its major drawback. In addition, increasing public environmental awareness and demand for living quality have led to an increasing number of cases involving issues of noise and pollution. The proposed design eliminates the noise associated with the pulse-jet filter-cleaning process and filter bag replacement costs. In this study, a new type dust cleaning device was designed which combined by a wet scrubber–Venturi scrubber and a cyclone. Besides, decreasing the pressure during operation was achieved by enlarging the venturi throat compared to the traditional one. As the experimental results show, over 99% of particle size larger than 1 m can be removed by the present device which had the same removal efficiency as the traditional bag-filters. Therefore, the equipment studied in this work offers many advantages over traditional designs in terms of the elimination of backwashing noise and the cost of replacing the filter bag.