智慧建築物室內環境之模糊滑動模式多變量控制

Abstract

1980年代開始，自動化控制應用於建物能源方面，能源控制包括：燈光照明、溫度空調及安全等。建物自動化系統主要著重於增加系統與建築物使用者間互動性和節省能源消耗等用途上。本研究針對目標房間規劃，設計出一套自動空調系統，使用可變風速之換氣裝置將室內二氧化碳濃度控制在政府規範的1000ppm以下，同時考慮通風造成的熱負載，使得室內溫度不會有過度起伏，造成室內人員的不適。本研究對於二氧化碳濃度和溫度兩個輸入變量，利用二氧化碳濃度感測器和溫度感測器從事閉迴路模糊滑動模式控制，控制通風扇的轉速和冷氣之製冷能力這兩個輸出變量，以達成控制室內環境的目標。室內空調部分使用滑動模式控制，在不考慮引進外氣和人數影響時，對於引進外氣量較大和人數過多之情況下會無法控制在目標溫度。在控制命令加入了進外氣量和人員所造成的熱負載後有明顯改善，而切跳現象在使用的模糊滑動模式後也獲得改善。對於室內二氧化碳濃度，本研究還進行三種ASHRAE Standard 62.1的外氣量設定方式模擬，其中動態外氣量之設定根據室內二氧化碳濃度而調整引進外氣量，有較佳的節能效果。

In 1980s, methods of automatic control began to be applied to the building energy. The building energy control encompasses many parts, including the lighting control, the temperature control, the air-conditioning control, the security control, etc. The auto-controlling building system was focused on the interactions between the building and the users, and also on the energy-consuming of building. This thesis aims to design a new air-conditioning system utilizing variable ventilation rate to control the carbon dioxide concentration below government regulation at 1000ppm. This study also takes into account the heat load by ventilation, keeping the indoor temperature on a smooth level. The system includes carbon dioxide concentration and indoor temperature two input variables. Output variables are the ventilation rate and air conditioning cooling capacity. This study uses carbon dioxide sensor and thermometer to control carbon dioxide concentration and indoor temperature by using closed-loop fuzzy sliding mode control. The indoor temperature part uses fuzzy sliding mode control. Without considering the outdoor ventilation and the number of residents, indoor temperature can not be controlled to reach target temperatures. It improves obviously when the controller consider the heat load caused by outdoor ventilation and residents. The chattering is improved by fuzzy sliding mode control. Dealing with indoor carbon dioxide concentration, this study also simulated three different settings from ASHRAE Standard 62.1. The dynamically reset outdoor air intake rate adjusts outdoor ventilation rate according to indoor carbon dioxide concentration and results in energy saving.