環境調整及動態分析下台灣國際觀光旅館之經營效率分析

Abstract

本篇研究首次結合四階段模型及動態資料包絡分析，對台灣45間國際觀觀旅館2002年至2011年的經營效率作探討。採用Fried在1999年所提出的四階段模型及Tone和Tsutsui在2010所提出的模型，能同時考慮到外部環境的影響及跨期之間的連續性，並計算其效率值。研究結果顯示各期之間存在連續性，顯示動態資料包絡分析比傳統資料包絡分析更加穩定且合理。此外，以Tobit迴歸估計旅館地點、管理型式、住房率等環境變數對其投入差額的影響，結果顯示位於觀光地區之旅館之員工及房間數的投入差額較低，管理型式為連鎖管理的旅館在房間數及餐飲部門樓地板面積之投入差額較低，而住房率越高的旅館也會導致員工數及房間數的投入差額較低。在控制環境變數之後，28間旅館之效率值上升，8間旅館之效率值仍維持在效率前緣上，然而有9間旅館之效率值下降，由此可知外部環境對於國際觀光旅館經營效率確實會有影響，且對於各旅館的影響程度也都不同。

This study applies the four stage approach and dynamic data envelopment analysis to compute the efficiency of 45 international tourist hotels (ITHs) in Taiwan during 2002-2011. Using the 4-stage approach of Fried et al. (1999) and the dynamic DEA model by Tone and Tsutsui (2010), this study considers the effects of the external operating environments and carry-over activities between two consecutive terms and calculates managerial efficiency of ITHs. The empirical results show that dynamic DEA is more stable than traditional DEA, reflecting the continuity of the links between terms. The Tobit regression is used to estimate the effects of location, management style and occupancy rate on input slacks. The location in resort area leads to less slacks of employee and room. The chain system helps reduce slacks in room and area of meal department. The slack of employee and room gets lower when occupancy rate gets higher. After controlling the three external environment variables, the efficiency scores of 28 hotels increase while others of 9 hotels fall.