臺灣低放射性廢棄物最終處置之選址

Abstract

輻射與我們的生活有密切關係。在人類生活環境中，舉凡空氣、水、大地、建材、人體及一般生物體內皆含有微量天然放射性物質。輻射應用於發電、醫療、工業、農業研究等亦不勝枚舉，微量輻射並不會損害人體健康，對於輻射應該要認識它甚於恐懼。無論國家未來能源政策如何發展，基於環境正義觀點，放射性廢棄物最終處置是所有使用核能科技國家必須面對的課題，在享用科技進步同時也必須為放射性廢棄物處置負起責任；在不給後代造成不適負擔之理念下，應儘早完成放射性廢棄物最終處置選址作業。低放射性廢棄物可憑藉多重屏蔽技術，將低放射性廢棄物與人類生活環境永久安全隔離，使其輻射強度隨時間遞減回歸自然。目前各國營運中的低放射性廢棄物處置場計有77處，分屬34個國家，處置技術成熟並營運經驗成果豐碩。 本研究目的主要在建立國內低放射性廢棄物最終處置場選址之多準則評估系統，透過專家訪談找出低放射性廢棄物最終處置場選址之關鍵準則，在符合環境正義理念下，企圖以全方位角度剖析問題找出可行方案，並將研究結果做為未來政府機關低放射性廢棄物最終處置選址計畫之參考。 所建立之架構包含「場址環境面」、「工程技術面」、及「社會經濟面」等三個衡量構面，以及「金門烏坵」、「台東達仁」和「石門核一廠」三個可行的替代方案。評估群體係由核能研究所、原子能委員會、台電公司共十五位專家所組成，訪談結果藉由模糊積分評選出金門烏坵為最佳場址方案。重要的研究結果如下： 一、受訪者認為在低放射性處置場選址作業最重要的構面為「場址環境面」，其次是「工程技術面」及「社會經濟面」。 二、整體而言所評選出最佳的低放射性處置場為金門烏坵，其次為台東達仁，及石門核一廠。這是因為「金門烏坵」方案目前較符合國家政策的想法，且住民稀少及荒島概念可以降低對人民影響。

Radiation and our lives are inseparable! In humans living spaces, air, water, earth, building materials, and general human organisms are naturally contain trace amounts of radioactive substances. Radiation is used in power generation, medical, industrial, agricultural research and for numerous applications. Small amounts of radiation do not harm human health.We should recognize radiation rather than fear it. No matter how national energy policy develops in the future, from an environmental justice perspective, the final disposal of spent radioactive waste is an issue that countries must face.Despite enjoying technological progress, we must also take responsibility for the disposal of radioactive waste. To avoid future generations suffering an undue burden, we should choose the location of permanent radioactive waste sites promptly.Through multiple shielding technology, low-level radioactive waste and can be permanently and safely isolated from the human environment, with radioation intensity gradually decreasing to return to nature. Currently there are 77 operating low-level radioactive waste disposal sites, spread acoss 34 countries. Operating experience and disposal technologies are plentiful and substantial. The main purpose of this research is to establish the criteria for choosing a domestic low-level radioactive waste site. Expert consultation has revealed key criteria to locate low-level radioactive waste disposal site, in line with the concept of environmental justice, and attempted to find feasible solutions through comprehensive analysis.Furthermore, this research will be a reference scheme to assist government bodies’ selection of low-level radioactive waste final disposal site plans in future. The structural evaluation system of this research includes three evaluation measures;site environment measures, technical measures", and social and economic measures. It also includes three feasible plans; Wuqui,Kinmen ;Daren,Taitung and the First Nuclear Power Plant ,Shimen.The evaluation group in this research is formed of 15 experts from Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council and the Taipower company. Using fuzzy integral selection analysis on findings of the interviews found the most suitable site selection for low level radioactive waste to currently be Wuqui, Kinmen. .The important results of this study are as follows: 1. The evaluation team believes the most important evaluation measure is the site environment", followed by technical, and social and economic. 2. Overall, the best low level radioactive waste site selection plan would be Wuqui ,Kinmen", followed by Daren ,Taitung, then the First Nuclear Power Plant,Shimen.The reasons for Wuqui ,Kinmen’s selection are because it is aligned with current government thinking,it is sparsely populated,and locating the waste on a desolate island will reduce its effect on citizens.