巨量資料在犯罪預防與犯罪偵查之應用

Abstract

根據IDC（International Data Corporation）的預估，全球每年資料量成長的幅度高達45%，資料結構也與過往有所不同，過去大部分屬於結構化資料，但巨量資料（Big Data）卻有許多非結構化資料，不論是資料量或資料類型已無法透過既有技術完善處理，需要藉由新興科技如雲端運算與其他IT技術，才能妥善儲存與整合，確保資料的完整性。除了儲存與整合外，還需要將資料進行分析、可視化，透過資料探勘（data mining）與其他資訊技術。才能挖掘出巨量資料的價值，其中能獲得的寶貴知識，也是巨量資料為何如此受到重視的原因。 透過個案研究法與次級資料法，檢視目前常見的應用，多屬於在商業行為與日常生活上，如網路巨擘Google挾帶著搜尋引擎使用者的資訊，進而找出了預測疾病趨勢的應用；醫療產業也利用雲端運算開發出許多成功的醫療雲應用，為病患帶來更好的福祉。國外的政府與執法機關，也利用巨量資料開發出不少犯罪偵查與犯罪預防之應用，成功提高偵查效率與降低犯罪率，但國內公部門在巨量資料的使用仍少，隨著社會的進步，犯罪手法也日新月異，現有偵辦方式將逐漸跟不上罪犯，若執法機關能充分利用巨量資料，將其應用於犯罪偵查與預防之上，提高執法機關在犯罪領域的掌控力，定能提升安定性，給予民眾更為安全與自由的社會。 本研究檢視成功案例，找出關鍵成功因素，希望能將巨量資料的Know-how應用在不同領域，並提出概念性應用架構，盼能提高民眾對巨量資料的認識，不論是在商業行為或是犯罪領域，由政府與全國民眾共同找出新的應用方式，發揮巨量資料的威力。

According to IDC, the growth of global data bulk is up to 45% every year, and the data structure differs from past. Most is structured, but Big Data is non-structured. Neither data bulk nor data category can’t deal perfectly with current skills. We won’t save or integrate to ensure the completeness until using new technology like Cloud Computing or other IT technique. Besides saving and integrating, we need to analyze and visualize data through data mining and other techniques in order to dig the worth of Big Data. This is why Big Data taken seriously due to its valuable knowledge. Through case study research and secondary qualitative study, this research surveys the common application appears in business and life such as Google with Search Engine Optimization and finds the application of predicting disease in advance. Medical industry also develops many successful use by Cloud Computing which brings better welfare to patients. In foreign government and law department, they develop lots of application of criminal prevention and investigation with it, improving efficiency and lowering crime rate successfully. While our government uses little Big Data, the way of survey can’t catch up criminal because of society progressing and criminal investigation is newer and newer. If the law department can make full use of Big Data in criminal prevention and investigation, people will own a safer and more liberal society. The research views successful case, figuring out the factors, and hopes to apply Know-how of Big Data to different fields. People may know more about Big Data by general structure no matter business or criminal. Look forward to the government and people finding the new application together and spreading out the influence of Big Data.