分析影響兩岸直航服務滿意度之政府相關因素

Abstract

兩岸開放海運直航自2008 年底迄今已近6 年，兩岸海運運送模式反而從開放前的3 種航線增加至開放後的5 種航線，臺灣國內4 大國際港之貨櫃處理量也未因開放兩岸海運直航而有明顯的成長，因此本研究意在探討政府為兩岸海運直航所提供之服務與規範對國內海運服務業者之滿意度影響程度，希望藉此瞭解國內海運服務業者所著重之因素，提供給政府作為未來改善之參考。 本研究首先回顧了過去學者對於開放直航後為臺灣港埠及業者所帶來之影響及所產生之隱憂，再透過業者訪談瞭解目前政府為兩岸海運直航所提供之服務與規範對業者之影響，之後向國內海運服務業者蒐集資料進行Tetraclasse 模式分析。經過分析後本研究得到影響國內海運服務業者對政府為兩岸海運直航所提供之服務與規範滿意度的關鍵因素，建議政府欲提昇國內業者對兩岸海運直航滿意度時，可依序進行改善：1. 臺灣港口水深；2. 臺灣港埠的服務與建設；3. 修改兩岸海運直航之經營資格限制；4. 未來政府在與中國進行協商時對臺灣國企業者之保障權重；5. 提升兩岸海運直航之航商數量及選擇性，在經過修改經營資格限制後，可藉由扶植國內小型航商業者或增加誘因吸引外籍航商加入兩岸直航市場。

It has been six years since the cross-strait marine direct shipping commenced in 2008.Despite the fact that the model of delivery in the shipping by sea increases from 3 shipping lines to 5 shipping lines, but the grow-up of amounts of containers in main top 4 ports is not quite significant even after the open cross-strait marine direct shipping. As a result, this study will concentrate on the level of the satisfaction from domestic marine operators in the services and regulations provided by the official government to know what factors is essential to marine operators and to offer an effective improvement strategy to the official government.

At first, this study does the related literature review to realize the influence in the cross-strait marine direct shipping between administrators in the port and marine operators and then collects the realistic result by the personal interview, finally analyzes the collected data from the marine operators via the Tetraclasse model. Results show that conducted improvements of the cross-strait marine direct shipping for marine operators can be followed by the order below: (1) the depth of port in Taiwan, (2) infrastructure in the port, (3) modification in the limitation of the administrative qualification, (4) the weight of the protection on operators in Taiwan as the official government negotiates with the Mainland China in the future, (5) the volume and choice in the cross-strait marine direct shipping should be increased. After finishing all improvements, it will help related local shippers attract more international shippers to join in the thriving market of the cross-strait marine direct shipping.