競爭環境下兩大寡占廠商之價格與交期訂定之研究

Abstract

近年來在許多產業中，廠商有大者恆大之趨勢，市場為少數領導廠商所掌握。且產品的生命週期日益縮短，為了能在最短的時間能將產品導入市場，獲取高額的利潤，顧客會要求供應廠商（或代工廠）給予較短的交期。然而，代工廠商為了滿足顧客快速達交的需求，其總產出可能會受影響，此種代價將會轉嫁到價格上，價格與交期會影響到顧客下單之意願。代工廠如何以顧客的角度來決定最適之價格與交期，為企業創造較高的利潤，是一值得探討的課題。 本研究主要在兩大廠商及其他的小廠商（小廠商的總和稱之為市場）的競爭環境中，已知顧客對交期及價格的偏好，及市場提供之交期與價格之資訊下，給定滿足顧客交期的服務水準下，最大化廠商利潤為目標，構建數學模型，以決定兩競爭廠商在競爭與合作環境之最佳交期及價格。

In this research, we consider the competition of a duopoly of two identical make-to-order firms and present a model to determine the lead-time and price with the objective of maximizing revenue and the constraint of delivery rate. In this model, the customers’ mean demand rate is assumed as a function of committed lead-times and prices provided by these two firms and market. Further, we study the scenario of cooperation of these two firms that they set common lead-time and price. We show that in cooperation environment they can obtain better profit than in competitive environment. In addition, we investigate the parameter analysis and show that their revenue is decreasing as the degree of competition between them increasing.