零組件獲取之自製或外購決策研究

Abstract

隨著科技的進步以及逐漸提高的產品複雜度，組成產品的組件不僅是種類繁多，需求量也很不穩定，因此不可能全部都由企業本身自行生產。同時，為了能夠提升企業整體效能的表現，零組件的獲取方式主要是透過自行製造或向外採購，其所需要考量的特徵要素眾多，最常見的特徵要素可能包括：滿足最低成本、最快速時間、最好品質的產品等等。然而，在現實中則有更多特徵要素是不容忽視的，因此需要有一套能夠針對多考量要素並做出最佳零組件自製或外購決策的模式，以協助企業以及產品製造之決策者的需求，使企業能夠在零組件獲取決策中做出正確、有效率、並能夠快速回應市場需求的決定，以增加企業競爭力。 本研究將探討產品零組件獲取方案之決策過程以及模式之建立，並以習慣領域人類行為與決策的流程圖中的目標建立與情況評估為核心架構，再以產品結構圖(PSD)作為分析零組件結構之基礎，透過決策網(Decision net)的建構將產品零組件的獲取方案以求取距離值之方式協助決策。最後，本研究將以程式平台搭配資料庫建立零組件獲取之自製或外購決策系統以配合分析研究實例。

Along with the technology evolution and the enormous growth in product complexity, product components are not only various in type but also unstable in the demand. Thus, the enterprise won’t be able to manufacture each component of every product by oneself. In order to upgrade the enterprise’s whole efficiency, the procurement of components needed will mainly obtained by manufacturing or outsourcing. Decision attributes which are often used are cost, time, and quality. However, in the reality, there are lots more attributes that are also important in decision making. Therefore, we need to construct a model which can consider multiple decision attributes in finding the optimal decision of component procurement. This will help the DMs (decision makers) to make accurate and efficient decision which can also meet the market needs and increase the enterprise’s competitiveness. In this research, we will construct a model of component procurement decision. In which, the goal setting and state evaluation in human behavior mechanism flow chart from habitual domains will be used as the core structure of this research. While the product structure diagram (PSD) will be used to decompose the product into components. Then, we will give a solution to the decision of component procurement by both constructing decision net and obtaining the distance value. Finally, we will also build a program of component procurement decision making in order to demonstrate the results and the examples.