台灣矽晶圓材料產業分析與競爭策略之研究

Abstract

受惠於矽晶圓材料供應充裕，使台灣半導體下游元件供應不虞匱乏。全球8吋矽晶圓產能過剩，技術趨於成熟，使得產品差異化與獲利逐漸降低，同時大陸開始發展半導體產業，對我國矽晶圓產業的長期發展影響甚鉅。本研究蒐集國內外有關競爭策略的理論與文獻、矽晶圓產業動態訊息、分析與研究報告，藉以了解全球矽晶圓產業的發展現況與未來發展趨勢，國內矽晶圓業者目前的發展概況，作為分析台灣矽晶圓產業與競爭策略的基礎。本論文以Michael Porter的鑽石模型理論、Andrew Grove的六力分析與SWOT分析架構，探討台灣矽晶圓產業的競爭優勢，協助國內矽晶圓業者，檢視企業的核心能力與資源策略的配置。本研究綜合矽晶圓產業的關鍵成功要素，基於研發投入與晶圓價格兩個面向，將我國矽晶圓業者區分為資源豐富型、競爭挑戰型與利基發展型三個策略群組。本研究針對各策略群組提出下列建議：資源豐富型業者以差異化策略，引進母廠先進製程技術，提供12吋或高階晶圓，以滿足國內先進製程的需求，甚至輸出矽晶圓到技術相對落後的市場，或將8吋二手設備移往大陸，建立生產基地；競爭挑戰型業者以差異化集中策略，專注於國際大廠退出的中小尺寸市場，與提供少量多樣特殊規格的產品，避免與國際大廠競爭；利基發展型業者以成本領導集中策略，將資源集中於製程改善提升生產效率與良率，降低生產成本，取得低成本競爭優勢。

As a result of abundant local supply of quality silicon wafers, the semiconductor industry in Taiwan flourished in the past two decades. Currently, the 8-inch wafer manufacturing technology became mature and there has been global overcapacity, which attributes to product indifferentiation and profit diminishing. Additional challenge came from China’s thrust to establish her domestic semiconductor industry. Taiwan silicon industry is under threat from US, Japan, Korea, Germany, Singapore and China.

Michael Porter’s Diamond model, Andrew Grove’s impact of six forces and SWOT analysis model were used to analyze the competitiveness of Taiwan’s silicon wafer industry. Taiwanese silicon wafer companies can be categorized into three strategic groups, namely the resourceful group, the competitive group and the niche-oriented group. The research result showed that differentiation strategy can be used by operators in the resourceful group by providing 12-inch and advanced wafers to satisfy domestic needs and export to foreign countries. Differentiation strategy in focused market can be used by operators in the competitive group by focusing on smaller diameter silicon wafer market with diversified custom-made products. Cost-leadership strategy in focused market can be used by operators in the Niche-oriented group by focusing resources to enhance process efficiency and yield of output.