美國九一一事件後台灣反恐機制研析

Abstract

發生於美國境內的九一一恐怖攻擊事件，引發全球震驚，此事件不僅反應出美國本土境內反恐相關機制欠缺的問題，同時顯示恐怖份子攻擊形式有所轉變，更重要的是讓各國體認到反恐已成為21 世紀全球必須共同面對的課題之一。與世界各國往來密切的台灣，面對整個國際局勢轉變自然不能置身事外，應及早掌握反恐訊息，力求與全球接軌。台灣目前雖然尚非國際恐怖主義攻擊的主要目標，但亦無法排除成為恐怖攻擊報復美國的目標之一，然而國內目前反恐機制及相關措施並未健全，若要有效防範恐怖事件的攻擊，政府有關單位必須加緊檢視國內在可能的潛在威脅因子，進而提出解決方案，建立可行機制，方可降低風險，消弭恐怖攻擊造成的危害。居全球領導國家群的美國與英國，長期以來一直以維護世界和平為己任，甚至有時不惜發動戰爭以調停區域間的紛爭，平息緊張氣氛，然這些舉止卻反激起中東地區人民的憤怒，進而對美國及其盟國展開系列的恐怖攻擊事件。長期以來，美、英等國家對於預防恐怖份子的隨時入侵，危害國土安全，已有較完善的反恐機制與相關因應措施。與台灣同樣地處亞洲的日本，其在美國九一一事件發生之前，國土安全的體系主要是天然災害的防救災為重點，直到九一一事件發生後，才開始正視恐怖攻擊對國家及人民社會造成的威脅，進而積極展開反恐機制建立，此與台灣的現行體系發展有些相似之處。有鑑於台灣在反恐怖行動經驗上之缺乏，本研究將分別從法令面、機制面、管理面、及執行面探討美、英、日三國之反恐體制發展及其因應作為，同時，特別針對台灣地理及經濟環境之特殊性，深入探討指出關鍵性基礎建設，尤其是科學工業園區，在台灣反恐防護上扮演角色之重要性，分析防護計畫之規劃，最後並綜整出研析結果與建議，以作為台灣當局持續強化反恐機制及安全產業發展之借鏡。

The 911 incident occurred inside the U.S. territory shocked the whole world. It not only reflected the issue of lacking anti-terrorist mechanism in U.S.A., more importantly, also made every nation to realize that anti-terrorism has become one of the problems such that the world together has to face in the 21st century. Taiwan has close relationship with many countries and naturally cannot keep out of all the changes in the international situation. It should get the corresponding information in a manner as early as possible, and endeavor to have link with the whole world for anti-terrorism action. Though Taiwan currently is not a main attacking target of the international terrorism, it cannot be excluded as a relay site for terrorists to lurk or commit crimes, as well as one of the main targets in the retaliation attack on U.S. by the terrorists. However, Taiwan’s anti-terrorist mechanism and related measures are not sound yet. In order to effectively counteract the attack of a terrorist incident, the governmental agencies related must carefully examine the possible unseen threatening factors domestically, and should further work out the solutions to establish viable mechanisms, so that it is possible to reduce risks and avert the damages caused by terrorist attacks. In the world’s group of leading nations, U.S. and U.K. have long been dedicated to the maintenance of peace in the world. They even launched wars to mitigate conflicts between regions and ease the tense ambiance. These behaviors, however, have roused the rage of terrorists in the Middle East, who then launches series of terrorist attacks on the U.S. and its allies. As a result, countries like the U.S. and U.K. already have better anti-terrorist mechanisms and related response measures in preventing terrorist invasion at any time for their harm to the territorial security. Japan, who is situated in Asia as Taiwan is, had focused its territorial security system on the prevention and relief against natural disasters until the 911 incident struck to U.S. After the incident took place, Japan also began to look at the threats made by terrorist attacks that would bring to the nation and people, and started to actively establish the anti-terrorism mechanism. This has somewhat similar to Taiwan’s current development for the anti-terrorism system. Because of Taiwan’s inexperience in anti-terrorist action, this research intends to plan on investigating Taiwan’s development of security industry in the aspects of law, mechanism, management, and execution, respectively, by citing the processes of anti-terrorism systems and their responding actions of the U.S., U.K. and Japan. In the meantime, the research also analyzes the particularity of geography and economic environment of Taiwan to point out the critical infrastructures and key resources. Especially, the emphasis is on the science industrial parks, which play the most important roles in anti-terrorism protection plan of Taiwan. Finally, this research will propose the results and suggestions as the references or examples for Taiwan to continuously enhance anti-terrorism mechanisms and develop the security industry business operations.