路線貨運業快遞營運模式改善之研究－以Ｔ公司為例

Abstract

本研究以T公司快遞業務為研究對象，理由是T公司為國內最大之貨物運輸公司，而其快遞業務約佔路線快遞貨運業者營收的30%，足以代表整體市場之狀況。而T公司快遞業務多年來一直處於虧損狀態，雖然經過不斷的改善，但只是在成本面及作業面的調整，而從來没有以營運模式之整體觀進行改善，本研究希望透過另一面向的思考，希望能帶來新的改善契機，並希望研究的成果，對所有的合法業者皆能有所助益。 本研究以問卷調查預估貨量因時效改善而產生的變化，並以T公司現行成本模組結構，計算各項改善模組之成本，最後計算出各方案所產生的獲利狀況，且以此來評估方案的優劣。而研究的結果，六個方案都能產生利潤，實在是超出研究前之預期。也就是說以營運模式改變這樣的方向切入，所能改善的程度，遠選較過去片面改善來的有效果，因此建議路線快遞業者，可依各企業之特性，參酌本研究的各項方案，找出合適方案進行改善。

According to the Highway Act, highway route cargo transportation is defined as a fixed-route trucking carrier, also known as “Less-than-Truck-Load (LTL)” in the industry, which is a licensed industry authorized by the Ministry of Transportation and Communications. The businesses scope includes traditional fixed-route trucking, domestic express delivery, international air express services and logistics. However, most trucking carriers have not been granted the license of fixed-route trucking carrier except for traditional fixed-route trucking carriers. Therefore, legal carriers face competition from low quality and low price of illegal rivals, which makes legal carriers more difficult in operation. The impact on the domestic express delivery is the most. In respect of the domestic express delivery business, not only the general transportation industry is engaging in the business but also private trucks (a commonly known as “vehicles without licences to provide transport services for monetary return”) and motorcycles disregarding the laws and regulations, both of which make it difficult for legal fixed-route trucking carriers to survive. The express delivery business of TJOIN is the subject of this research. The reason that TJOIN is selected is that TJOIN is the largest cargo transportation company in Taiwan and its express delivery business accounts for 30% of sales revenue of domestics express delivery carriers, which is a representative of the whole market. The finacial condition of express delivery business of TJOIN has been deficit for many years. Although TJOIN tried hard to improve it, they adjusted from the meas of cost and operation rather than from the overall business aspect. This research expects to bring a new chance of improvement through thinking “outside the box” and hopes that the result will be helpful for all legal carriers. This research adopted a questionnaire survey and estimated that the cargo volume would be influenced by the improvement of time efficiency. Costs of improvement alternatives were calculated based on the existing cost structure of TJOIN and the profit for each improvement alternative was evaluated. The result found that the six improvement alternatives produced profits, which were beyond the expectation of the research. That is to say, the improvement proceeding from the business mode is much more effective than that proceeding unilaterally in the past years. Therefore, the research recommends that the fixed-route trucking carriers may find an applicable solution in accordance with their features after deliberating on the solutions mentioned in this research.