創新建材在圓錐量熱儀、表面測試爐及單材耐燃測試儀之火災試驗數據相關性之研究

Abstract

本論文以十五種材料分別於圓錐量測儀以及表面測試爐上進行測試，其中圓錐量測儀測試結果依照日本現行防火材料等級分類標準進行分級，而表面測試爐測試結果則依照CNS 6532進行分級。在圓錐量測儀測試中，也同時探討樣品在水平測試與垂直測試結果的差異性，兩者比較發現在引燃時間和熱釋放率是有所差異，其中水平測試的引燃時間較垂直測試的短，且水平測試的平均180秒熱釋放率值以及總熱釋放率皆高於垂直測試，因此使用圓錐量熱儀水平測試之數據來分級是較為嚴苛的。另外亦從前述十五種測試材料中挑選其中的七種材料來進行單材耐燃測試儀(SBI) 測試，並依歐盟標準進行分級，另外並與圓錐量測儀以及表面測試爐之分級結果進行比對。結果發現歐盟在建築材料防火等級分類上並沒有材料破裂之限制，且歐盟與日本之防火等級分類中也沒有針對煙產生量作評量，這是他們與CNS 6532防火等級性能評估上之主要差異。在相關性分析中，由圓錐量測儀水平與垂直測試實驗中所得到的熱釋放率計算出的火災成長率進行相關性比對，發現圓錐量測儀在水平測試之數據與單材耐燃測試儀相關性較高；表面測試爐與單材耐燃測試儀之發熱性與發煙性相關係數均良好；表面測試與圓錐量測儀在水平與垂直測試之發熱性相關係數均良好；另外表面測試引燃時間與圓錐量測儀在垂直測試之引燃時間相關性良好。

Fifteen building materials were selected and tested in the Cone Calorimeter and the surface test, respectively, and they were classified by Japanese classification and CNS 6532 accordingly. Tests in the Cone Calorimeter were performed in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, under a fixed incident heat flux 50kW/m2. The results from these two orientations show some differences existed in HRR and ignition time. For the flammable material, the measured average values of HRRav_180s, and THR in the horizontal orientation are higher than those in vertical one. The ignition time in horizontal orientation is found shorter. Those indicate that the classification using Cone Calorimeter test in horizontal orientation is stringent. In addition, 7 materials from the previously mentioned 15 ones are selected to test in SBI and classified by EU classification. Correlation based on test results of these materials by using these three different standards are given and discussed. It is found that the smoke generation rate and crack appearance are not included in the performance evaluations in Japanese and EU classifications that causes the different ranks in different test methods. The obtained results in SBI test are compared with the simulated FIGRA from Cone data. It is found that the correlation between SBI and cone calorimeter test in horizontal orientation is better than the corresponding one with the cone calorimeter test in vertical orientation. The correlation between tdθ value of surface test and THR600s of SBI test finds that the value of R2 is 0.75. Correlation between the CA value of surface test and maximum 60s mean value of SPR of SBI test gives the value of R2 is 0.92, indicating that the correlation between the surface and SBI tests are relatively well. From the comparison between HRRav_180s of Cone Calorimeter test in vertical orientation and tdθ value of the surface test, R2 for the correlation is 0.95. The correlated R2 value between Cone Calorimeter test in horizontal orientation and the surface test is 0.96. Apparently, the correlation between the Cone Calorimeter and the surface tests is relatively well. The correlation for ignition time between cone calorimeter test in vertical direction and the one in surface test is relatively well as well.