醫療廢棄物逆向物流聯合處理營運模式之研究

Abstract

企業物流是當前最受重視的一個物流環節，其著重於有效利用整體物流資源，各企業無不競相應用物流管理技術以提升其競爭力。一般企業物流觀點皆僅強調正向物流，然而，若以完整供應鏈循環之角度來看，應該還需要包括伴隨著製造過程所產生廢棄物之廢棄物物流，即所謂的環保物流、綠色物流(green logistics)或逆向物流（reverse logistics）才能夠兼顧物流管理的完整性。

有害廢棄物清理的逆向物流，有別於一般所謂的正向物流，處理決策上更來的迫切，尤其是醫療廢棄物的物流模式。有鑑於此，本研究將針對台灣地區一縣市所產生的醫療廢棄物加以聯合處理之營運規劃，利用廢棄物物流的觀念有效確保廢棄物流向與減少交通衝擊，更避免處理機構草率放置或使用不符合環保觀念的方式進行醫療廢棄物之中間處理，而衍生後續二度污染問題。

基於經濟誘因、社會責任理念和公、私部門之考量發展醫療廢棄物逆物流營運模式，除成本面考量外並加入風險外部性成本以構建模式，最後為求理論與實務結合，藉由台北縣所產生的三種最大宗醫療廢棄物之處理過程，進行模式驗證，以一聯合處理各小型醫療院所所產生之廢棄物之逆物流中心的運作，作為模式主軸。也藉此讓模式成果移轉到現實面具公信力，讓醫療機構之逆物流面也一樣不危害社會國民的健康。

Business logistics is a significant part of logistics. Enterprises depend on logistics skills to enhance its competitiveness. Logistics professional and researches are placing most emphasis on forward logistics. However, in the perspective of the whole cycle of the supply chain, reverse logistics(green logistics) must be considered as well. Reverse logistics of hazardous wastes, unlike forward logistics, has a stronger urge to be handled, especially the logistics of medical wastes. Accordingly, this research designs a co-operation system to handle the medical wastes produced in a county in Taiwan. This proposed research suggests methods to avoid various kinds of pollution and the assure proper treatment for the medical wastes. A model operated on reverse logistics for medical waste is constructed concerning economic、social、governmental and industrial reasons. The model consists not only of monetary cost but also external risk cost. The pivotal character of this model is a reverse logistics center which collects wastes generated from minor medical sites. Finally, this model testifies the data of three main medical wastes in Taipei county to combine theory with practice. The application of actual data persuades credibility, and ensures medical wastes harmless to public health.