鋼構箱型樑製程危害分析及職災預防之研究

Abstract

鋼結構之橋樑由於自重較輕、施工迅速、材質均勻、構材強度一律、造型多樣美觀，非常適合大跨距、市區內興建及災橋快速復建，故展望未來鋼結構橋樑尤以箱型樑在土木工程佔有重要地位，有鑑於此，鋼結構箱型樑於製程中一定潛藏許多危害因子，而本研究目的即探討鋼結構箱型樑製程中使用之機具、設備、原物料及操作程序等危害之分析、評估及提出預防對策。 本研究應用工作安全分析方法，辨識出鋼結構箱型樑製程危害有二十種類型，其中割擦傷、撞傷、物體飛落、灼傷、感電、墜落等六類佔比例最高，由此可知此六項危害是箱型樑製程發生職業災害之主要因素，作業勞工及事業單位雇主不可不慎。 另運用風險矩陣方法進行風險評估分析結果，得到鋼結構箱型樑製程風險等級列為極高風險與高度風險合計為149件，其中墜落、物體飛落，撞傷及感電四項危害所佔比例最高，因此應將此四項危害列為最優先改善之風險。 最後本研究利用本質較安全設計策略，提出多項取代、減弱對策，供事業單位參考使用，希將鋼結構箱型樑製程風險降至可接受範圍，以確保勞工作業安全與健康。

As steel structural bridge weighs lighter,makes construction faster. Also, evenness in material quality, constructional material of the same intensity, and the variety of models and appearance,makes it most suitable for great span, for construction in urban district and also, quick restoration of damaged bridges.Therefore, we look forward to the future construction of steel structural bridge, especially the box-girder, to become an important position in civil engineering, In view of this, the process in the construction of steel structural box-girder certainly involves of many hidden harmful factors, but the goal of this research is to analyze the use of tools, equipment, the original material & operational sequence,etc. risk analysis; to evaluate and propose of prevention countermeasures. This research applies the job safety analysis measure, to identify of 20 different types of risk in the construction of steel structural box-girder, and which from among, cuts & abrasion, bruises, falling objects, burns, electrification, crashes and etc. 6 categories, account for the highest proportion. Thus, knowing hereby that these 6 harms are the primary factors of job injury in the construction of box-girder, and which both the laborers and employers should be careful of. In addition, having carried out of risk assessment based on risk matrix measure, found a total of 149 cases to have graded the construction of box-girder to be of the greatest risk, and among which, crashes, falling objects, bruises and electrification, to being the 4 harms that account for the highest proportion of risk. Henceforth, should have listed these 4 harms as risks for improvement first. Finally, this research utilized of the inherently safer design strategy in nature, proposed of many substitutions, weakened of countermeasures, for reference by the institution. Hoping to reduce the risk in the construction of steel structural box-girder to an acceptable range, in order to ensure of laborers’ health and job safety.