低粉塵逸散的營建工程地坪研磨機具的開發

Abstract

迄今有許多研究證實結晶型游離二氧化矽(Crystalline silica)經呼吸進入人體肺部後，會對人體健康造成影響。鑒於營造業為結晶型游離二氧化矽(Crystalline silica)暴露的主要行業之ㄧ[1]，如何改善作業環境的粉塵逸散問題，是本研究要探討的課題。 改善粉塵作業的空氣品質的最根本方法為污染源的改善及污染逸散的防止。對於自動化製程的作業環境來說，採取控制與管理的方法較容易執行，並且會有明顯成效。但對於具有變動性、複雜性、且依賴高度人力的營造業而言，就沒有那樣容易執行粉塵作業的管理，且成效往往並不彰顯。目前政府主管機關對營造業的空氣污染防治，主要是採取強制性的措施，徴收營建工程空氣污染防治費， 執行營建工程空氣污染的稽查管制，以期能減少粉塵污染，但依然無法有效抑制營造業空氣污染的問題。 本研究依據營造業特性，針對乾式的地坪研磨粉塵作業，開發出一個低粉塵逸散的集塵式研磨機具，並實地量測改善成果。研究發現未使用集塵式研磨機時，在研磨階段室內空氣的粉塵最大濃度為67.64 mg/m³，平均濃度7.33 mg/m³；而使用了本研究開發的集塵式研磨機時，在研磨階段室內空氣的最大濃度為4.41 mg/m³，平均濃度0.84 mg/m³，平均濃度的消減率可達到94％。依據上述實測數據顯示，本研究開發的低粉塵逸散地坪研磨機，可有效的降低研磨作業的粉塵逸散，改善作業環境的空氣品質。

Many researches have demonstrated that free crystalline silica causes damage to human health when inhaled into the lung. Because construction industry is one of the sector which has high expose to free crystalline silica[1], therefore this study aims to investigate methods to reduce fugitive dust emission in the work environment. The fundamental methods to improve the air quality of workplaces are removal of pollutant sources and prevention of the emission of pollution. For automatic manufacturing processes, it is easier to implement the control and management strategies which are effective to solve the pollution problems. However, it is much more difficult for the construction industry to adopt the management strategies due to its variability, complexity and big demand for labor-intensive operations. Our government enforced the air pollution control of construction sites by collecting air pollution fee from the industry to execute air pollution auditing and control, and to reduce the dust emission. But there is still no significant improvement of air quality in the construction sites. This study modified a ground grinding machine with a dust collecting device and conducted field measurements in the dry grinding operation of construction sites to test its effectiveness. Test results showed that the maximum and average dust concentrations were 67.64 and 7.33 mg/m3, respectively, in the indoor work environment if the conventional ground grinder was used. In comparison, the maximum and average dust concentrations were 4.41 and 0.84 mg/m3, respectively, if the present low-emission, dust-collecting ground grinder was used. The average dust concentration was reduced by as much as 94 % for the new grinder. The low dust emission grinder developed in this study reduces the fugitive dust emission effectively and improves the air quality of the workplaces in the construction industry.