醫藥物流委外評估之研究-- 以A公司個案為例

Abstract

中文摘要 在台灣的外商藥廠面對日益競爭的環境下，加上全民健保給付的問題，已紛紛將企業內部物流委外給專業醫藥第三方物流，其目的是希望能從成本、策略、品質面..等。各個不同角度尋求任何可能的方式，如降低物流成本、專注本業、提昇市場競爭力..等，其最終目的就是要，獲得利潤以求生存。 本研究主要目標為探討企業內部醫藥物流委外之評估，經由國內外專家學者的相關文獻整理及專家問卷結果後，分析整理出符合醫藥物流委外相關之評估指標在第二層有5個評估構面：「策略」、「成本」、「品質」、「服務績效」、「風險」；第三層有15個評估準則：專注於核心的事業發展、提昇物流經營彈性、控制及管理，提昇企業競爭力、降低整體物流營運成本、降低物流人工成本、減少資本投資、增加財務彈性、快速反應市場上物流成本、有效管理物流活動委外的品質、提供較好且專業的物流服務品質、增加對於顧客物流服務績效、提昇物流活動的效率、提昇顧客滿意度、因大環境不確定可降低或分攤投資風險、降低開發新產品配送通路與服務的風險、降低公司移動或更換外包廠商的障礙。 運用分析層級程序法(AHP)的為研究方法來進行研究，共分為七個步驟來進行，先從問題的界定、建立評估層級結構、問卷的設計與調查、建立成偶比對矩陣、一致性的檢定、整體層級權重之計算、替代方案的選擇，將15項評估準則對於多個候選物流委外廠商進行成偶比較，再最後總合權數最高的廠商就是最適廠商。運用一個實例應用選擇3個委外對象，進行評審投票遴選出適合的廠商。 本研究的主要結論與貢獻如下：一、建立「醫藥物流委外之評估準則」 彙整各國內外文獻中關於物流委外時所考量原因、準則，並透過層級分析程序法取得各準則的相對權重，排列出各準則之相對權重、重要性提供參考。二、委外決策評估指標之研究，若能協助企業了解委外之作業流程，並提供評估指標供其參考，應能提昇物流委外的意願，帶動物流委外市場的繁榮。企業也因此提高本身的產業競爭優勢，共創物流供應商及企業雙贏局面

關鍵字：物流委外、群體決策、分析層級程序法、醫藥物流

Abstract Encountering the competitive environment of the foreign pharmaceutical market in Taiwan since the National Health Insurance implemented. In order to seek to survive, the internal logistics of the industry had been outsourcing to the third party of professional pharmaceutical logistics. For the purpose of earning profit, reduce the logistics cost, focus the main business, enhance the market competition are needed.

This thesis attempts to evaluate the pharmaceutical logistics outsourcing of internal industry. Corresponding to the literature review and specialist questionnaire, the relevant evaluated target of conforming to the pharmaceutical logistics outsourcing is analyzed. Five evaluated structures of strategy, cost, quality, service performance and risk are under the second class. Fifteen evaluated criterions of core business focused, enhance flexible controlled with competitive management of logistics operating, reduce the whole operating cost of logistics, decrease the human cost of logistics, diminish the capital investment, raise the financial elasticity, react the marketing logistics cost quickly, effectively quality management of logistics activity outsourcing, provide the professional service of logistics, increase the service achievement of customer logistics, raise the efficiency of logistics activities, enhance the customer satisfaction and diminish the investment risk, new product delivered, route risk and the barrier of changing outsourcing factory.

The study is under the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) divided into seven steps begging with the theme identification, setting up the hierarchy structure, questionnaire design and survey, establishing the pairwise comparison matrix, consistency test, alternatives selection, and compare the outsourcing logistics factories with fifteen evaluated criterions to pick up the suitable factory.

The survey indicates that：1. setting up the evaluated criterion of pharmaceutical logistics and prioritize the relative weight by literature review. The importance of prioritizing the relative weights can be acquired under the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). 2. the study of evaluated criterion decision outsourcing can assist to understand the operating system of outsourcing, and provide the estimated index for reference. So as to enhance the willing of logistics outsourcing and the competitive advantage of the industry main business to create the double win between logistics suppliers and industry.

Key words: Logistics outsourcing, Group decision, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Pharmaceutical Logistics