無線射頻辨識(RFID)技術應用--以台灣物流業產業發展為例

Abstract

本研究旨在透過產業生命週期之基礎論點，深入探討RFID新興技術（Emerging technology）的產業應用系統化的過程；並對台灣物流業導入無線射頻系統之現況與所遭遇之實務建置層面進行探討。 首先由各學派關於「產業生命週期」、「技術生命週期」之文獻收集，並闡述每個階段之特性。 RFID技術已達一定成熟度且層面相當廣泛，全球市場成長快速，但產業的興起仍須有驅動因子（Trigger Issue），目前RFID技術尚未落實於各產業應用。台灣RFID產業發展現況，相較於全球各國，調查顯示廠商對市場發展態度遲疑。 本研究逐步分析妨礙RFID的挑戰，評析國內物流業可發現下列幾個現象與狀況。營業額高的業者和服務範圍以國際物流為主的業者，在整個產業中通常導入電子化最為積極；以行業別來看，提供空運承攬服務的業者，對於未來e化的需求則較高。 台灣物流業者對RFID產業或技術熟悉度有限，而RFID產業已有市場主流商品，RFID產業應用於台灣物流業屬於產業生命週期之萌芽期（Emergence）末期與成長期初期階段。 本研究實際深入瞭解RFID產業現況、台灣物流產業現況與個案探討之後，提出台灣物流業導入無線射頻系統之成功關鍵因素與建議建置步驟。依循每個步驟，循序漸進將RFID技術導入企業內，將RFID之精神展現於企業再造的過程中，最終得到企業最大效益。 以台灣物流業而言，以航空承攬業具高附加價值，暫處於載貨量下降期且兩岸尚未直航，規模與國際趨勢考量，目前為最佳時機導入點。故以拜訪承攬業者之實際案例，於後續加以探討，並提出發揮RFID效益之系統架構。 台灣物流業導入無線射頻系統之實務建置層面產生許多之迷思，於研究結論中分別分項說明；未來研究方向建議可朝向本研究所提及成功關鍵之因素，分別以實例探討之。

The intent of this research is to present an argument for the industrial application systematization process of the RFID emerging technology; and discuss about the current situation of the wireless RF system implementation in Taiwan Logistics industry. First start from the literature collection about “the industry life cycle”, “the technology life cycle” and elaborates characteristic of each stage. The RFID technology has reached certain maturity, the global market growth is fast, but the “Trigger Issue” is also needed. Taiwan RFID development in industry is comparatively slow. This research analyzes the challenges of RFID for the domestic logistics vendors and finds the following conditions: Those vendors who provide international logistics and aerial transport as major service will induct the computerization more aggressively. The logistics vendors in Taiwan have limited knowledge to the RFID industry or technology. The time frame for the RFID technology application to Taiwan logistics vendors will be the late period of “Emergence Stage” and the initial period of “Growth Stage” in the industrial life cycle. This research reviews the current situation and case study of RFID industry and Taiwan logistics industry, then provides the key factors and steps of RFID system implementation for Taiwan logistics vendors. Following those steps, the corporation can take the advantage of the RFID development in the process of re-engineering and obtain the biggest benefit finally. For Taiwan logistics industry, air-cargo forwarders are suffered for the volume drop and no direct flight between Taiwan and China. Considering the long-term trend and business scope, it is the best time for the corporation to implement the RFID system now. There are myths about the practical RFID system implementation for Taiwan logistics. Those items are reviewed in the research conclusion.