多廠區生產管理模擬模式之建構

Abstract

隨著產業界競爭環境激烈的改變，市場需求變化迅速，企業為求壓低成本、生產佈局全球化等因素，不斷的擴廠與合併，製造工廠也從傳統之單區位延伸至多區位，因此以往單廠區之生產規劃已不敷使用，在此環境之下，如何規劃與分配多廠區的資源與資訊利用便顯得相當重要。 本研究針對多廠區生產環境，建構系統化之模擬模式，將系統分為實體物件、作業流程、相關資訊流及決策系統四部分： 1.實體物件包括訂單、物料、廠區、供應商及運輸工具，利用模擬軟體之物件導向特性設定各項實體物件之屬性，使其能運作於系統之各項作業中。 2.作業流程包括中央規劃與單廠區內作業，各項作業順序與關係之釐清在系統規劃的合理性上尤其重要。 3.相關資訊流包括外部如訂單資訊及供應商資訊，內部如存貨資訊、廠區資訊及運輸資訊，本研究加入機率函數使系統更能隨機模擬以避免流於規律，以接近真實環境。系統中一切運算及資料蒐集之工作均以相關資訊流為依據，因此其參數化之正確性與合理性均需加以考量。 4.決策系統為模擬系統之核心，包括訂單分配與生產排程規劃，以及跨廠支援決策，決策準則及決策點的制定均影響著整體系統之效率與合用性。 透過情境假設之模擬結果分析，本研究之模擬模式易於觀察結果且具有修改之彈性，可依企業之環境變化作調整，可做為多廠區生產管理之規劃輔助工具。

As the competitive environment of production industry changes fiercely, the market demand changes rapidly, in order to decrease the cost, and globalize production positions, companies expand and absorb factories, production factories positions become multiple from single, so the traditional production plan is not good enough anymore. So it is significantly important to plan and deal out resources and use information of multiple factories in this environment. The objective of this research is to develop a systematized simulation model of multiple factories production management, divide the system into four parts: entity objects, operational processes, relative information flows and decision systems. 1.Entity objects include orders, materials, factories, distributorships and transportations, use the entity oriented characteristic of the simulation software to set attributes of all entity objects, make them can operate on system flows. 2.Operational processes include centralized and single-factory operations, clarifying sequence and relations between all operations is significantly important in rationality of the system planning. 3.Relative information flows include external information such as order and distributorship information, and internal information such as inventory, factory and transportation information. Input of distribution function in this research make the system more stochastic to close in real environment. All calculation and data collection processes are in accordance with relative information flows, so the accuracy and rationality of the parameters have to be considered deliberatively. 4.Decision systems are the core of the simulation system, they include orders allocating and operation scheduling planning, and cross-factories supporting. Formulating decision criterion and decision point both influence the efficiency and fitness of use of the system. After simulation analyzing of scenario hypothesis, it can be observed that the simulation model is easy to observe result and has elasticity of modifiability, it can be adjusted by changing environment, so it can be treated as assistant tool of multiple factories production management.