從客家雜誌分析台灣客家形象之變遷

Abstract

客家族群被視為台灣社會中的隱形人，無論是在歷史詮釋、政府政策和媒體環境方面，都處於資源短缺的不平狀態，因此蒙上了刻板印象之冤，使得客家文化傳承不彰，族群意識缺乏。

本研究以客家雜誌作為研究對象，從雜誌創刊的20年間，立意抽取438篇文章，以文本分析與八位學者專家的深度訪談等質性研究方法進行分析，並利用紮根理論的資料分析方式，歸類出勤勞節儉、義民論述、傳統精神、客家婦女美德和客家文化產業發展等五項特質，探討台灣客家形象之變遷；另外並歸類出客家語言與認同之喪失、傳統精神與藝術的流失以及客家文化與流行現象等當代台灣客家問題，做進一步之探討。

研究結果發現，雜誌中的客家形象受到時間的更迭、客家運動的產生以及客家行政單位的成立而有所改變；在行政院客委會成立後，客家雜誌內容與客家形象的呈現有顯著改變，以文化產業的面向為重，而受到客委會的贊助後，雜誌內容也難免傾向政府政策傳聲，與早期的批判與社會運動精神有所不同。

Hakka ethnic is invisible in Taiwan society. They are resource shortage, whether historically or in government policy and media environment. Therefore they are always regarded as some kind of stereotype. Somehow they face difficulties in hakka culture pass down and are lack ethnic conscious.

This research regards Hakka magazine as the research object, among 20 years starting publication from the magazine, and purposive sampling 438 articles, analyze with quality method approaches, such as the text analysis method and in-depth interview with eight scholar experts. In data analysis, this research made in grouded theory, and sort out industrious and thrifty, Yiming discourse, traditional spirits, Hakkas' woman virtue and the development of Hakka cultural industry, probe into the changes of Hakka image in Taiwan. Besides, sort out the contemporary Hakka issues in Taiwan, such as the disappearance of Hakka language and identity, the vanish of traditional spirit and art and the popular phenomenon of Hakka culture, do the further discussion.

The results of this study, Hakka image of magazine change by the time, the occurrence of Hakka movement and the establishments of Hakka administrative units. After Council for Hakka Affairs of the Executive Yuan established, the changing apparently of Hakka magazine content and Hakka image, and focused on cultural industry. But sponsored by Council for Hakka Affairs, inclined to content by government policy propagation of sound unavoidably too appearing, different to the early criticism and the spirits of social movement.