晶圓代工業光罩供應資源決策與競爭優勢-以 T & U 公司為例

Abstract

晶圓代工為我國重點發展之科技產業，預計在2010年總產值預估將佔全球IC整體銷售額14%，總產能預估將佔全球IC製造產能30%。由於半導體用光罩的成本隨製程演進已逐漸加重，使得光罩的供應鏈在其產業有不可忽視的關鍵地位。本研究在透過次級資料的收集與歸納，同時運用”廣義的自製或外包決策樹”、 ”效率交換模型”以及”資源攝取策略”探討個案公司(T & U公司)在光罩供應鏈佈局上所採取的策略(自製或外包)與競爭優勢。

資訊時代個人電腦的興起、網際網路帶來的革命，乃至無線通訊的勃興，半導體技術與產品居扮演關鍵的推手角色。積體電路市場景氣循環迅速而難以預測，伴隨技術與應用的發展，產業呈現令人目不暇給的快速典範轉移現象，產業結構亦持續轉變，歷經二十多年發展，台灣半導體產業卓然有成，更成為台灣最具國際競爭力的指標性產業。本研究呈現國際性晶圓代工大廠在光罩供應鏈的決策規劃與管理的相關經驗，台灣半導體業者可引以為擬定相關策略之參考，以其在競爭越形激烈，投注資源與風險越高的經營壓力下，能夠找到對企業有利的資源策略。

本研究結果顯示，T公司光罩供應資源決策,因其本身較具規模經濟之優勢,因此較適合採取垂直整合策略(自製)-錐形整合策略,同時與國際半導體IDM大廠進行策略聯盟合作開發光罩新製程與技術，持續比同業更早跨入新世代製程研發，可為公司與客戶取得競爭優勢。而U公司光罩供應資源決策,因其本身較不具規模經濟，因此建議採取垂直分工策略(策略外包)，以長期合約、策略聯盟與雙重外包的政策(parallel sourcing policy)，並透過供應鏈策略夥伴關係的建立與管理，以及成功供應鏈管理之策略性資源來發揮策略外包之競爭優勢以達到資源槓桿效果。

IC foundry industry is developing point in our country.It predicts total output value in global IC total sales volume will reach 14% and total capacity in global manufacture capacity will reach 30% in the year of 2010.As to the cost of IC mask increasing with process change,the mask supply chain stands a key role in the industry.This research collect and summary the inferiority information,then use the “Comprehensive Make-or-Buy Decision Tree”,“Efficiency Tradeoff Model” and “Resource Sourcing Strategy” to confer the competition advantage of mask supply-chain Management and strategy-vertical integration or outsourcing of T and U company. Semiconductor industry is critical to Taiwan’s economy.Sophisticated and complete industry structure has been developed over the past 20 years.Now,semiconductor is one of the “flagship” industries in Taiwan,and represents a significant role to Taiwan’s economy.This case study showed the related mask supply chain management experience of both international IC foundry.Taiwan’s IC companies can benchmark with them,and also find out their advantageous resource strategy. This research reveals that mask supply strategy – vertical integration in T company adapted to take tapered integration strategy and strategy allicance with international IDM company to develop new mask technology.T company is the largest decicated semiconductor foundry in the world,providing the industry’s leading process technology and other leading-edge foundry services,such as mask making.So both of T company and his customers can take the competitive advantage.The mask supply strategy – outsourcing in U company adapted to take long term contract,strategy alliance and parallel sourcing policy.By establish and manage strategic partner relationship with mask supply chain members,and the strategic resource of successful mask supply chain management to develop competitive advantage and leverage of outsourcing.