標題: A unique tetrameric structure of deer plasma haptoglobin - an evolutionary advantage in the Hp 2-2 phenotype with homogeneous structure
作者: Lai, I. H.
Lin, Kung-Yu
Larsson, Mikael
Yang, Ming Chi
Shiau, Chuen-Huei
Liao, Ming-Huei
Mao, Simon J. T.
生醫工程研究所
Institute of Biomedical Engineering
關鍵字: amino acid sequence;deer and human haptoglobin;monoclonal antibody;phenotype;purification
公開日期: 1-Mar-2008
摘要: Similar to blood types, human plasma haptoglobin (Hp) is classified into three phenotypes: Hp 1-1, 2-1 and 2-2. They are genetically inherited from two alleles Hp 1 and Hp 2 (represented in bold), but only the Hp 1-1 phenotype is found in almost all animal species. The Hp 2-2 protein consists of complicated large polymers cross-linked by alpha 2-beta subunits or (alpha 2-beta)(n) (where n >= 3, up to 12 or more), and is associated with the risk of the development of diabetic, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we found that deer plasma Hp mimics human Hp 2, containing a tandem repeat over the alpha-chain based on our cloned cDNA sequence. Interestingly, the isolated deer Hp is homogeneous and tetrameric, i.e. (alpha-beta)(4), although the locations of -SH groups (responsible for the formation of polymers) are exactly identical to that of human. Denaturation of deer Hp using 6 M urea under reducing conditions (143 mM beta-mercaptoethanol), followed by renaturation, sustained the formation of (alpha-beta)(4), suggesting that the Hp tetramers are not randomly assembled. Interestingly, an alpha-chain monoclonal antibody (W1), known to recognize both human and deer alpha-chains, only binds to intact human Hp polymers, but not to deer Hp tetramers. This implies that the epitope of the deer alpha-chain is no longer exposed on the surface when Hp tetramers are formed. We propose that steric hindrance plays a major role in determining the polymeric formation in human and deer polymers. Phylogenetic and immunochemical analyses revealed that the Hp 2 allele of deer might have arisen at least 25 million years ago. A mechanism involved in forming Hp tetramers is proposed and discussed, and the possibility is raised that the evolved tetrameric structure of deer Hp might confer a physiological advantage.
URI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06267.x
http://hdl.handle.net/11536/9626
ISSN: 1742-464X
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06267.x
期刊: FEBS JOURNAL
Volume: 275
Issue: 5
起始頁: 981
結束頁: 993
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