組織中知識獲取及知識分享的前因與後果

Abstract

除了從自己的研發工作外，組織還從外界的來源獲取必要的知識。做為組織主要的 知識供應者，研發部門人員對組織學習與創新的貢獻遠超過性一般的預期(僅是由自己 的研發工作來創造新知識，發明新產品與新技術)。其實研發人員常由外界管道獲取知 識，並將之分享予組織內部其他的部門，藉以促進組織學習和創新。在知識的交換和分 享過程中，組織信任具有相當的促進作用。研發人員的已有技術經驗亦可增進其知識獲 取與知識分享活動。本研究計畫目的在探討組織信任與研發人員已有的技術經驗背景對 他們由企業外部來源獲取知識和對內部人員的知識分享活動的影響，並進一步探討研發 人員這些知識管理活動對組織學習和創新的影響。本研究把此一影響作用和研發工作本 身對組織知識與創新的直接貢獻加以區隔，以八個假說來界定研究的範圍，並指引整體 研究的進行。 本研究將以訪談法及問卷調查法，對半導體與IC 設計業的公司收集質化與量化的 資料。這類公司藉密集的研發和外部知識獲取以保持其創新力，適合作本計畫的研究對 象。本研究所收集的質化資料將提供發展相關變數的測量指標及修正研究假說之依據， 量化資料則用於假說之檢定。本研究擬以這些公司為抽樣的對象

Organizations gain knowledge not only from their own R&D, but also from sources external to themselves. As a main provider of knowledge to organization, R&D unit’s contribution to organizational learning and innovation is broader than what is commonly expected on it—creating knowledge and inventing products and techniques only from its own research endeavor. R&D unit acquires knowledge from sources outside organization and shares the knowledge with other functions within organization. Since the literature suggests that trust can facilitate knowledge exchange and sharing and prior knowledge can enhance acquiring of new knowledge, we intend to examine in this project how organizational trust and R&D personnel’s prior technical experiences affect their acquiring knowledge from external sources and sharing knowledge within organization. Last, we plan to study how R&D personnel’s knowledge management activities influence organizational learning and innovation performance. We will separate this effect on learning and innovation from R&D’s direct contribution to innovation through its own R&D effort. We propose eight hypotheses to specify what we intend to do regarding our investigation on these effects. The hypotheses will guide our progress on the proposed research work. We will use interview and questionnaire survey to collect qualitative and quantitative data from the companies in semi-conductor and IC-design industries. These companies rely heavily on R&D and external knowledge acquisition for keeping their innovativeness and suit for serving as subjects of this study. The qualitative data can be used to derive the measurement indices for the variables in the proposed hypotheses and to modify the hypotheses. The quantitative data can be used to test the hypotheses. We will use these companies as a source of our sample.