製藥業知識整合及組織信任對其知識管理表現與創新績效之影響

Abstract

製藥業知識整合及組織信任對其 知識管理表現與創新績效之影響 研 究 生：鄭瑞園 指導教授：王耀德 國立交通大學管理學院（管理科學學程）碩士班 摘 要 21世紀為知識經濟時代，台灣製藥產業面臨生技科技之崛起，產業型態之改變；健保體制中健保藥價之調降，使藥廠獲利率降低；以及政府為建立國際間GMP相互認證推動藥品實施cGMP確效作業，其軟硬體之投資，因健保藥品市場脫序、產銷秩序失衡，導致回收遙遙無期，藥廠家數銳減。值此製藥工業面臨存亡危極之時，製藥業如何利用知識創造價值，創造出他人無可模仿的競爭優勢，實有待製藥業內部整體思維的考量和知識的整合。 本研究以問卷調查探討製藥業外部知識整合、內部知識整合及組織信任對知識管理表現之影響，以及知識管理對製藥業創新績效之影響。經統計分析檢驗結果發現： 1. 有專人做外部知識整合，對製藥業知識之取得表現愈佳，其產品創新和技術創新能力愈高。 2. 內部知識整合著重在部門間之溝通和問題解決，製藥業內部整合能力愈高對知識之擴散和創造表現愈佳，其產品創新能力愈高。 3. 製藥產業遵循「優良藥品製造標準（GMP）」規範，其所有作業皆有標準作業程序，對主管之信任與否和知識管理表現無影響；部門間之信任愈高則知識之取得、擴散、儲存表現愈佳，其技術創新能力和新產品效益愈高。 4. 組織信任對內部知識整合和知識管理之交互作用發現，對主管愈信任反而會影響跨部門整合使知識儲存表現愈差。 本研究除了討論造成上述結果的原因之外，並提出幾項學術上及管理上的重要意涵，同時也對製藥產業及後續研究提供些許建議。 關鍵詞：知識整合、組織信任、知識管理、創新績效

The Effects of Knowledge Integration and Organizational Trust on Knowledge Management and Innovation Performance in the Pharmaceutical Industry Student: Jui-Yuan Cheng Advisor: Yau-De Wang, Ph.D. Abstract In the new century of knowledge economy, the pharmaceutical industry in Taiwan is facing dramatic challenges because of the emergence of biotechnology. The public health insurance system’s pressure to reduce prices suppresses the industry’s profit margin. The government’s effort in establishing international GMP mutual recognition requires the industry to invest in the hardware and software needed for GMP validation. With the restructuring of the health insurance product market and the disorder in the product marketing channel, the deem prospect of return in the required investment has forced many pharmaceutical companies close down. The use of new technology and knowledge to create a unique competitiveness not imitable by others will enhance the survival of the companies in the industry. How to absorb and integrate knowledge from internal and external sources is a critical issue to pharmaceutical companies’ knowledge management. This study was conducted using a questionnaire survey to collect data from the pharmaceutical companies to examine the effects of internal and external knowledge integration and organizational trust on the companies’ knowledge management and innovative performance. The results from statistical analyses show that 1. When there is a special force of manpower allocated for external knowledge integration, the companies’ level of knowledge acquisition will be increased and capabilities for product and technology innovation will be enhanced. 2. Interdepartmental communication and problem-solving coordination within the companies will lead to a higher level of intra-company knowledge diffusion, product innovation capability, and innovative performance. 3. Following the standardization of manufacturing processes under GMP regulations, supervisors’ trusts of subordinates within the companies does not have effects on knowledge management performance. However, interdepartmental trust increases the level of knowledge acquisition, diffusion, and accumulation, and the technology innovation capability and new product development performance are improved consequentially. 4. Supervisors’ trusts of subordinates reduce the positive effect of interdepartmental integration on knowledge accumulation. This study discusses the causes leading to the above results and its theoretical and managerial implications. Suggestions to the pharmaceutical industry and future researchers are provided at the end of this thesis. Keywords: Pharmaceutical Industry, Organizational Trust, Knowledge Integration, Knowledge Management, Innovation Performance